Traditional family Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Traditional family - Essay Example Life has become so expensive and it is not possible for the man's income to be enough to bring the food on the table. For this case, both parents are forced to work in order to provide for their children. The wife was left alone to do all the house chaos in a traditional family setting which is different today since one can employ a house girl or boy to do the house jobs while the wife go for a white collar job. On the other hand a man was treated like a king and the wife as a servant in the traditional family but today the wife has a bit of freedom since she can choose what she want with her life. House chaos in a traditional family setting was divided in gender. For example, the woman takes care of the children inside the home and the man works outside the home. Each person knew what he or she was supposed to do for example the boys were supposed to help their father while the girls were supposed help their mothers with cooking and washing dishes. Traditional family has some values which are usually social standards brought about by natural forces of nature. These values have been tested customs which normally provide emotional and physical support for rearing offspring. The religious value and traditions reinforce these social values. The traditions reflect a natural order responsible for providing and protecting children as they grow and learn. The tradition family was seen as an institution responsible for bring up physically and emotional healthy children. Naturally, a family institution is suited for supporting each other through unconditional love; growing children and providing for them both physically and emotionally. There has been too much divorce and cohabitating in the society today such that the traditional family is on the decline. There is more than fifty percent divorce in our society today. In the United States, people spends less time in marriage than they used to do as they see no use of marriage and family as well as bearing children. Due to the fact that traditional constituted, the people now see that marriage and family are not satisfying the social and intimacy need of many people. Traditionally, the main aim of marriage was to produce a male heir who was supposed to carry on the family line and not to provide mutual companionship and support for husband and wife. Today, this is very different as people are comfortable with either they get a male or female child. Recent studies have shown that a female child look after their old parent more than their male counterparts against the traditional believe that the male child was better in looking after their aging parent. Many people today value their nuclear family other than the extended family due to drastic economic changes that have affected our economy. For this case, one has to have a smaller family in order to provide basic food to them all with difficulty. On the other hand it is not also possible for one to build big quarters for our extended family hence we are forced to live with our nuclear family.

Verbal Exam Questions Essay Example for Free

Verbal Exam Questions Essay 1. What is meant by the term â€Å"fear of failure†? That is, what does it mean to you personally and professionally. Fear of failure means being afraid of going after what you want because you might not be able to get it. People who experience this believes that it is okay to not achieve their dreams as long as they do not see themselves fail. Many people prefer to play it safe and do not like to get out of their safety zones because they do not want to be disappointed or they do not like changes to happen in their lives. 2. Describe a past experience with fear of failure. Please explain. In the past, I had several chances of running for a position in the school body but I was too afraid that I would not be elected or do a good job. This made me decide that it would be better for me not to run for a position and just enjoy my time as a regular student but still active with other school activities. The down side of this is that I did not get to experience and do what I wanted to do. 3. In general do fears affect employee performance on the job and employer relationships with fellow employees? Also, relate this to yourself as the manager in the scenario and Marcus. How do fears affect you and Marcus? Being afraid does affect employee performance, as well as the relationships of employers and employees because some people might not understand this fear that certain employees or employers experience. As a manager to Marcus, I think that I would not like how he behaves when it comes to changes. Changes are important, especially when this would bring more money to the company and all employers do want their companies to succeed. This kind of behavior would create conflicts between Marcus and I. 4. This is a key question. Is failing OK? What about mistakes? What is gained? What is lost? Contrary to what many people believe, failing is actually okay because this is when people learn from the experience. Without failures, people would not be able to realize what they are capable of. It is important that people remember that they are allowed to make mistakes because they are not perfect. Nobody is perfect and making mistakes is only normal. They lose only when they give up and not try. Failure can make people humble and would make them want to achieve more and do better in the future. 5. Can you use your own fears to your advantage? How can you be used by your fears? Relate the lessons you have learned to you in the scenario and how you would approach Marcus. Relate this to yourself as the manager. Fears can be used to ones advantage when a person believes that fears will produce positive outcomes no matter what. Overcoming fears will give people the experience even if they fail. However, when people let their fears use them and get the better from them, they will be limited and would have no worthwhile experience from life. 6. How can you encourage your employees to reduce their fear about making mistakes, and failing? How would you tell an employee so that he understands and believes you? Be specific and realistic in your answer. It is always good to have an open communication with everyone, especially employees. It would especially be beneficial if managers and employers would encourage their people to conquer their fears and assure them that making mistakes are normal. I would relate a past experience about my fear of failure and how I overcame it to inspire them to do the same. 7. What is the story about? Please summarize it. Why did you choose the topic? What makes you feel interested in the choice of the topic? The story is about a manager and his employee named Marcus and demonstrates how Marcus is afraid of change. Although Marcus was a very good employee and performs his job in a very satisfactory way, the manager realizes that he does not do well when it comes to applying changes. He would often make excuses just to get out of the situation, and the manager feels that he should do something about it. I chose this particular topic because I believe in the importance of overcoming ones fears, especially in the workplace. Being afraid is a normal human experience but people should not let this feeling limit them on the things that the should be experiencing because they might be missing out on something great like a

Context Clues

Context Clues Schatz, Elinore K., Baldwin, R. Scott (1986). Context Clues are Unreliable Predictors of Word These experiments were done to help the researchers and educators decide whether context clues help students with defining words. The two researchers were Elinore Kress Schatz and R. Scott Baldwin. Schatz is from the Greater Miami Hebrew Academy and R. Scott Baldwin was a former English teacher who became a professor of Teaching and Learning at the University of Miami. He is currently the Dean of Edinboro Universitys school of Graduate studies and research (http://www.edinboro.edu/departments/university_comm/President/pec-members/baldwin.dot). There were three different experiments done during this particular study. In the first experiment, there were 53 tenth graders and 48 eleventh graders from a private school in Fort Lauderdale, Florida who were tested. The demographics of the school consisted of students from a middle class background who were mainly Caucasian. Before the testing began, researchers tested a group of college bound tenth graders to see if they knew the meanings of the words that were going to be used on the test. If 65% or more of those students knew the meaning a word, then the word was thrown out because the researchers saw this as the students prior knowledge. The students were given two tests with one test having the words-in-context and the other with the words used in isolation. The researchers did the two tests to determine which method helps the students more. The words- in-context came from twenty-five paragraphs from novels used at this school for the tenth and the eleventh grade students. Some examples of those books include The Scarlet Letter and The Pearl. Paragraphs were chosen by their location in the book and by determining which words were low frequency words. Some examples of those words include imperious and inexorable. The words- in -context test was set up like a multiple choice test with a paragraph using the word and the students would have to identify which option shows how the word was used. The words in isolation test were a multiple choice vocabulary test. The students were then randomly assigned tests. The words in isolation testing took around ten to fifteen minutes to complete and the words-in-context testing to ok around thirty to forty minutes to complete. The results showed that â€Å"there was no statistically significant difference between the means of the no-context group (M= 9.14, SD=2.08) and the context group (M=8.76, SD= 3.72)† (Schatz Baldwin 443). These results were then tested in the second experiment to see if the results were accurate or based on the type of literary work. In the second experiment, there were 39 eleventh graders from a private school in Miami, Florida who were tested. The demographics of the school was the same as the previous school with most students being middle class. There were two tests once again but this time the words in the passages were from the four content areas. The mediums used included science textbooks (biology and physics), novel passages (same novels as other test), history textbooks, and magazines (Schatz Baldwin 444). Both tests had the same words on them but one used the words- in-context and the other test had them in isolation. All students took the words in isolation test first. The students finished the first test in 45 minutes and the words-in-context testing took two days to complete. The results of this test indicate that there was no real significant change whether the words w ere in isolation or in-context. In the third experiment, the researchers used 84 tenth and eleventh graders from a private Hebrew school in Florida. The materials were the same as the first experiment except that the tests were not multiple choice anymore. The students had to write out the meaning of the words. The two researchers then graded the papers not knowing whether the one they were grading was the test with the words- in-context or the words in isolation. They determined that multiple choice testing did not hurt the testing. The overall conclusion they came up with it that teachers need to look at a better way to help students understand the meanings of words.

Essay on Prospero in Shakespeares The Tempest -- Tempest essays Willi

The Greatness of Prospero in William Shakespeare's The Tempest      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  No man is an island. It takes a strong, mature man to forgive those who hand him misfortune. It takes a real man to drop to his knees and repent. The character of Prospero in Shakespeare's Tempest is a man who has suffered much. Prospero is a puppet master throughout the play, but releases everything to save himself from his own self. The enemies in the play are not those whom he shipwrecked, they are of little consequence, and he plays them easily. Propero's purpose in The Tempest is only to make everything right again. "Ariel is accordingly shown as the agent of Prospero's purpose. He is Prospero's instrument in controlling and developing the action" (Knight 138). Prospero is the artist, and Ariel the art. Upon Prospero's words, Ariel tempts the murderer's and thwarts their effort, plays tricks on the drunks and turns them to danger, and brings Ferdinand and Miranda together. Prospero's character may be an extension of Shakespeare himself. "...the play is a certain measure autobiographical..." (Garnett, 221). While Shakespeare did not model Prospero in his own likeness, "It shows us more than anything else what the discipline of life had made of Shakespeare at fifty-a fruit too fully matured to be suffered to hang much longer on the tree." (Garnett, 221). Shakespeare wanted to "write a play that would satisfy himself , by expressing something, or many things, that were still unexpressed," (Murray 111). Shakespeare, like Prospero, was making amends and rebuilding burnt bridges as he entered the final chapter in his life. Prospero's presence of character is strengthened by the weaknesses of the other characters in the play. While Trinculo... ...all the events, we perceived him as an omnipotent being, who acted in a perfect manner. But in the end he is just a man. He is only a man. How many men forgive their enemies? How many men "take from the past not the ashes, but the fire?" (Anon) How many men save their enemies instead of killing them? Few. There are few great men. There are few great men that beg for forgiveness for themselves and others.    Works Cited Garnett, Richard. "Irving Shakespeare" The Tempest (and selected criticism). Charlotte Porter and Helen A. Clarke (eds.) Thomas Y. Crowell & Co. 1903. Knight, G. Wilson. "Shakespearian Superman" The Tempest D.J. Palmer (ed.) Macmillan & Co. 1968 Murray, J. Middleton. "Shakespeare's Dream" The Tempest D.J. Palmer (ed.) Macmillan & Co. 1968 Tillyard, E.M. "The Tragic Pattern" The Tempest D.J. Palmer (ed.) Macmillan & Co. 1968

Conservation in the Peak District National Park

Conservation in the Peak District National Park involves more than preventing damage and leaving the countryside alone. Management is needed to maintain the variety and interest of the landscape. This involves * Looking after the best features of the landscape, eg well maintained moorland and listed buildings. * Improving neglected features eg rebuilding stonewalls and replanting woodlands. * Managing development so that damage is limited eg building and recreation activities. (2) Extent of Activity Now English Nature has designated 3.4% of the Park as Sites of Special Scientific Interest (SSSI). These SSSI's cover 23,862 hectares of the Peak District. In these areas, manages must consult English Nature before making any changes which would adversely affect the Nature Conservation interests. The Derbyshire Dales National Nature Reserve includes parts of 5 limestone dales and is managed by English Nature. Country Wildlife Trusts manage reserves totalling 300 hectares. (3) Policies Governing Activity Many organisations are involved in the Peak District National Park these are, * English Nature- the official body responsible for promoting nature conservation nationally. * English Heritage- responsible for archaeology and the built environment. * Peak Park Joint Planning Board- they formulate the conservation policy for the Peak Park. * National Trust, RSPB, Wildlife Trusts- are all also involved with the decisions about the Park. The forestry commission and water companies own large areas of the Peak Park. (4) The Benefits/Importance of Conservation Conservation protects the land from being eroded by overgrazing and tourism. As well as this it monitors development so no unsuitable buildings are built which may spoil the traditional settlements and landscape within the Park. Conservation helps to protect wildlife in particular rare species, which may only be found within the Peak Park. For e.g. Grouse and Sphagnum moss. Conservation protects the characteristics of the Park by encouraging farmers to carry out traditional activities, such as dry stone walling. All of this means that as many people can enjoy the Park as possible but most importantly it's beauty can be viewed by future generations. (5) The Future In the next 50 years we would like to see a continue in the protection of the Peak Park as a living and changing environment. However in order for the park to fulfil it's main aim, which is to show the diversity of life, to provide a beautiful place for city dwellers to visit and to limit development in order to sustain the natural environment restrictions on certain activities must be enforced. We would like to discontinue the use of quarries, as quarrying causes unnecessary noise and air pollution and causes great scars in the natural landscape, which can never be totally repaired. As this is not appropriate as a large majority of Britain's limestone and Fluorspar is provided from the Peak Park, we would not allow any NEW quarries to be started. We would like to limit tourism to such a degree that erosion and damage caused by recreation would be stopped, however once again this would not be possible. It would be more reasonable to limit tourism to certain areas, which may be maintained when required or a small charge in place in order to repair any damage caused. The small roads and villages were not made for the amount of traffic, which is currently running along them. So many cars cause much pollution, which is likely to affect the quality of air. For this we would like to introduce a ban on private transport and would like to see an improvement in park and ride schemes and public transport! The traditional activities of current farmers should be maintained to show the culture of the county side and the slower pace of life. Fertilisers should be positively rejected as these would soon damage the delicate balance of the current Peak Park. Small developments are fine but any major ones, which would spoil the natural feel of the Peak Park, should not take place. We must strive to provide a beautiful place for people from cities to visit and enjoy, however at present it seems that people are wrecking the very place they have come to admire!

Novelist Charles Dickens Essay

What impression does Dickens give of Miss Havisham and Estella in Chapter 8 of â€Å"Great Expectation† and how does he achieve this? The story is set in the Victorian times. It is written by a novelist called Charles Dickens. It is about an orphan called â€Å"Pip†, who is reminiscing on his past. The novel is written in a 1st person narrative perspective. Chapter 8 fits into the rest of the novel because it is about how Pip learns the way of life and the road to being a gentleman. Pip gets into debt and receives money from a childhood acquaintance – Magwitch, an escaped convict. During the novel we not only see Pip’s life we also follow the life of his love, Estella. After falling into debt and running away from the consequences of his reckless actions, Pip realizes that he can no longer be a real gentleman. The first meeting Pip has with Miss Havisham and Estella has a big impact on Pip because it changes his life by showing him exactly how much of a lower class person he is compared to Miss Havisham and Estella. Dickens makes Miss Havisham seem rich, but poor, and scary by the way he describes the outside of her house. He uses irony to describe Miss Havisham’s house, saying that the house â€Å"was of old bricks, dismal and had a great many iron bars to it. † This makes Miss Havisham look scary and the house look broken because the phrase â€Å"had a great many iron bars to it† suggests that whatever is in there, has been locked up and is not allowed out of there. The use of â€Å"old bricks† suggests that the house it tatty and hasn’t been refurbished in a long time. It also suggests that Miss Havisham is poor because if she were rich, she would have gotten the houses bricks fixed. The word â€Å"Dismal† suggests that the house is gloomy and of poor quality. The phrase â€Å"had a great many iron bars to it† could also mean that Miss Havisham doesn’t want to be disturbed and doesn’t want to be involved with the outside world. Dickens also uses Miss Havisham’s room to show the reader that Miss Havisham is of a higher class citizen than Pip. He does this by using phrases like â€Å"all clocks and watches stopped at twenty to nine† and â€Å"dresses lying around† and also â€Å"no glimpse of daylight could be seen†. The phrase â€Å"all clocks and watches stopped at twenty to nine† shows the reader that Miss Havisham might be mentally disturbed because normally people would make sure at least one clock works, but in this case none of the clocks work and all of them happen to have stopped exactly twenty minutes to nine. However, the phrase â€Å"dresses lying around† could suggest that Miss Havisham doesn’t know how to clean and could also suggest that there was once a lot of people there but not anymore. â€Å"No glimpse of daylight could be seen† indicates to the reader that the house is very dark inside and it is abandoned. It could also mean that whatever lives there has been trapped. This is a perfect use of irony because normally a rich person would have a house that didn’t have iron bars on the front and also they would have a tidy, clean and under control house, but although Miss Havisham is rich her house is nothing like what you would expect from a rich and upper class person. Dickens uses the characters to give an impression of Miss Havisham and Estella. He uses sentences like â€Å"Dressed in rich materials† and â€Å"satins, and lace and silks – all of white†, â€Å"Bright jewels sparkled on her neck and on her hands† and â€Å"I had been taken to see some ghastly waxwork†. The phase â€Å"rich materials† implies to the reader Miss Havisham is rich and she can afford the materials that are in her dresses. Also the use of â€Å"satins, and lace and silks – all of white† suggests to the reader that Miss Havisham is a ghostly and spiritless character with no human emotions. The phrase â€Å"Bright jewels sparkled on her neck and on her hands† could also suggest that Miss Havisham is rich because they â€Å"sparkle† and she likes to show off by wearing the jewels on her neck and her hands. However, â€Å"ghastly waxwork† shows the reader that Miss Havisham’s body has not moved for ages and therefore is rotting and therefore it has turned into a waxwork. The word ghastly implies to the reader that Miss Havisham body is informal and unpleasant. The irony is that you wouldn’t expect someone as rich as Miss Havisham to look informal or unpleasant when they have guests. On the other hand the word ghastly could mean that Miss Havisham is ill and can’t afford medical care. One way Dickens makes Miss Havisham look rich but poor at the same time is by the things he says she does. He says she sits in the dark â€Å"corpse like† and that she â€Å"watches Pip and Estella play†. The use of corpse indicates that Miss Havisham is dead. The phrase â€Å"watches Pip and Estella play† suggests that Miss Havisham enjoys watching the children play and that even though she is rich, and therefore should have a nanny for the children, she still doesn’t mind watching the children even if it might affect her social status. However the phrase corpse like could suggest that Miss Havisham isn’t dead but wants to be dead. Dickens also shows the reader that Miss Havisham is of a higher social status than Pip by the way she says things. For example instead of calling him Pip, Miss Havisham calls him â€Å"boy† Also, she says â€Å"Who is it†¦ Pip? † as if she didn’t know it was him that came even though she asked for him to come. The use of â€Å"boy† suggests to the reader that Miss Havisham is of a higher social status than Pip because in the Victorian times a person who is of a higher social status usually didn’t call a person who is of a lower social status by their name. Also, the way Miss Havisham doesn’t recognize Pip even though she asked for him suggests that she doesn’t remember much. However, the use of â€Å"boy† could also suggest that Miss Havisham doesn’t have the decency to call Pip by his name because he is a guest at her house and guests should be treated with respect. Dickens gives the impression that Estella is a good-looking girl and that Pip likes her. He does this by using phrases like â€Å"young lady, who was very pretty† and â€Å"her light came along the dark passage like a star†. â€Å"Young lady, who was very pretty† emphasizes the point that Estella is an attractive girl because the word â€Å"pretty† means pleasing to look at and that is exactly what Pip thinks when he looks at her for the first time. However the use of â€Å"her light came along the dark passage like a star† could suggest that Estella is attractive to look at but is also blinding in a bad way because a star is pretty but if you were close to it or stared at it for a long time it could make you go blind. Dickens gives us the impression that Estella is evil because she â€Å"stands in the dark passageway until called repeatedly† and she â€Å"chucked food at me as if I were a dog† The phrase â€Å"stands in the dark passageway until called repeatedly† indicates that she likes the dark because she is evil and she doesn’t come as soon as she is called, she comes after being called â€Å"repeatedly†. Also, the phrase â€Å"chucked food at me as if I were a dog† suggests that Estella is evil because you would expect a normal person to give food to another person with respect and into their hands but Estella â€Å"chucks† the food at Pip as if he were a â€Å"dog†. Dickens shows us how the upper class liked to insult or find the fault in everything a lower class person does. Estella insults and intimidates Pip as shown by â€Å"I misdealt, as way only natural when I knew she way lying in wait for me to do wrong† and â€Å"she denounced me for a stupid, clumsy labouringly boy†. This shows the reader how Estella had been trained to look for the fault in people and to be cruel. However the use of â€Å"I misdealt, as way only natural when I knew she was lying in wait for me to do wrong† could suggest to the reader that Estella is impatient and can’t be bothered to play with someone who is of a lower social status than her. Dickens describes many feelings of Pip’s which change throughout the visit. This is shown by â€Å"I think she is very pretty† and â€Å"I think she is very insulting†. This is what Pip whispers into Miss Havisham’s ear about Estella. This also shows that he has mixed feelings for Estella. Dickens further describes Pip’s feelings about the visit â€Å"as if I were a dog in disgrace. I was so humiliated, hurt, spurned, offended, angry, sorry – I cannot hit upon the right name for the smart – God knows what its name was – that the tears started to my eyes† and â€Å"as I cried, I kicked the wall, and took a name, that needed counteraction†. This clearly highlights Pip’s feeling to the reader. He feels a huge amount of rage that he cannot even describe it himself. He has never felt in such a way before as he has been insulted and offended about it his natural social state and at the same time has mixed feelings about what he feels for Estella.

Free Essays on Environmental Inequalities

Andrew Hurley, in â€Å"Environmental Inequalities,† seems to be answering the same question throughout his telling of class, race, and industrial pollution in Gary, Indiana. From 1945- 1980 there were three distinct groups in Gary. There were the middle-class made up of white doctors, lawyers and management, the working class composed of semiskilled workers earning a moderate pay, and African Americans generally working the jobs that white workers did not want. Wage earnings gradually declined from the middle-class down to African American workers. Throughout this reading Hurley continually answers the question of how industrialization in Gary shaped human activity through pay and pollution, and in turn how humans shaped their environment. Starting with the middle-class citizens of Gary, Indiana, Hurley tells how they are identified by fresh air, beautiful landscapes and space. Hurley says, â€Å"Through the 1970’s, the preservation of suburban amenities would remain the driving force behind middle-class opposition to industrial pollution† (Hurley, 47). The relatively high income of the middle-class, although it varied greatly depending on occupation, allowed for families to move into suburban areas. With the combination of greater pay and efficient transportation, Gary was able to decentralize. This resulted in the primarily white middle-class moving a few miles outside of the downtown area, having more space and concentrating more on health issues. This was also made possible through government programs that further solidified the line between middle-class and working-class citizens. The Federal Housing Authority lowered initial down payments and extending repayment schedules. However, these types of mortgages were not allotted to low-income, inner-city neighborhoods because they were too risky. This was not the case for all Gary residents. â€Å"Even by the 1970’s, Gary remained a predominantly working-class community with almost ... Free Essays on Environmental Inequalities Free Essays on Environmental Inequalities Andrew Hurley, in â€Å"Environmental Inequalities,† seems to be answering the same question throughout his telling of class, race, and industrial pollution in Gary, Indiana. From 1945- 1980 there were three distinct groups in Gary. There were the middle-class made up of white doctors, lawyers and management, the working class composed of semiskilled workers earning a moderate pay, and African Americans generally working the jobs that white workers did not want. Wage earnings gradually declined from the middle-class down to African American workers. Throughout this reading Hurley continually answers the question of how industrialization in Gary shaped human activity through pay and pollution, and in turn how humans shaped their environment. Starting with the middle-class citizens of Gary, Indiana, Hurley tells how they are identified by fresh air, beautiful landscapes and space. Hurley says, â€Å"Through the 1970’s, the preservation of suburban amenities would remain the driving force behind middle-class opposition to industrial pollution† (Hurley, 47). The relatively high income of the middle-class, although it varied greatly depending on occupation, allowed for families to move into suburban areas. With the combination of greater pay and efficient transportation, Gary was able to decentralize. This resulted in the primarily white middle-class moving a few miles outside of the downtown area, having more space and concentrating more on health issues. This was also made possible through government programs that further solidified the line between middle-class and working-class citizens. The Federal Housing Authority lowered initial down payments and extending repayment schedules. However, these types of mortgages were not allotted to low-income, inner-city neighborhoods because they were too risky. This was not the case for all Gary residents. â€Å"Even by the 1970’s, Gary remained a predominantly working-class community with almost ...

Accessing and Managing MS Excel Sheets With Delphi

Accessing and Managing MS Excel Sheets With Delphi This step-by-step guide describes how to connect to Microsoft Excel, retrieve sheet data, and enable editing of the data using the DBGrid. Youll also find a list of the most common errors that might appear in the process, plus how to deal with them. Whats Covered Below: Methods for transferring data between Excel and Delphi. How to connect to Excel with ADO  (ActiveX Data Objects) and Delphi.Creating an Excel spreadsheet editor using Delphi and ADORetrieving the data from Excel. How to reference a table (or range) in an Excel workbook.A discussion on Excel field (column) typesHow to modify Excel sheets: edit, add  and delete rows.Transferring data from a Delphi application to Excel. How to create a worksheet and fill it with custom data from an MS Access database. How to Connect to Microsoft Excel Microsoft Excel is a powerful spreadsheet calculator and data analysis tool. Since rows and columns of an Excel worksheet closely relate to the rows and columns of a database table, many developers find it appropriate to transport their data into an Excel workbook for analysis purposes; and retrieve data back to the application afterwards. The most commonly used approach to data exchange between your application and Excel is  Automation. Automation provides a way to read Excel data using the Excel Object Model to dive into the worksheet, extract its data, and display it inside a grid-like component, namely DBGrid or StringGrid. Automation gives you the greatest flexibility for locating the data in the workbook as well as the ability to format the worksheet and make various settings at run time. To transfer your data to and from Excel without Automation, you can use other methods such as: Write data into a comma-delimited text file, and let Excel parse the file into cellsTransfer data using DDE (Dynamic Data Exchange)Transfer your data to and from  a worksheet using ADO Data Transfer Using ADO Since Excel is JET OLE DB compliant, you can connect to it with Delphi using ADO (dbGO or AdoExpress) and then retrieve the worksheets data into an ADO dataset by issuing an  SQL query  (just like you would open a dataset against any database table). In this way, all the methods and features of the ADODataset object are available to process the Excel data. In other words, using the ADO components let you build an application that can use an Excel workbook as the database. Another important fact is that Excel is an out-of-process ActiveX server. ADO runs in-process  and saves the overhead of costly out-of-process calls. When you connect to Excel using ADO, you can only exchange raw data to and from a workbook. An ADO connection cannot be used for sheet formatting or implementing formulas to cells. However, if you transfer your data to a worksheet that is pre-formatted, the format is maintained. After the data is inserted from your application to Excel, you can carry out any conditional formatting using a (pre-recorded) macro in the worksheet. You can connect to Excel using ADO with the two OLE DB Providers that are a part of MDAC: Microsoft Jet OLE DB Provider or Microsoft OLE DB Provider for ODBC Drivers. Well focus on Jet OLE DB Provider, which can be used to access data in Excel workbooks through installable Indexed Sequential Access Method (ISAM) drivers. Tip: See the  Beginners Course to Delphi ADO Database Programming  if youre new to ADO. The ConnectionString Magic The ConnectionString property tells ADO how to connect to the datasource. The value used for ConnectionString consists of one or more arguments ADO uses to establish the connection. In Delphi, the TADOConnection component encapsulates the ADO connection object; it can be shared by multiple ADO dataset (TADOTable, TADOQuery, etc.) components through their Connection properties. In order to connect to Excel, a valid connection string involves only two additional  pieces of information -  the full path to the workbook and the Excel file version. A legitimate connection string could look like this: ConnectionString : ProviderMicrosoft.Jet.OLEDB.4.0;Data SourceC:\MyWorkBooks\myDataBook.xls;Extended PropertiesExcel 8.0;; When connecting to an external database format supported by the Jet, the extended properties for the connection needs to be set. In our case, when connecting to an Excel database, extended properties are used to set the Excel file version.   For an Excel95 workbook, this value is Excel 5.0 (without the quotes); use Excel 8.0 for Excel 97, Excel 2000, Excel 2002, and ExcelXP. Important:  You must use the Jet 4.0 Provider since Jet 3.5 does not support the ISAM drivers. If you set the Jet Provider to version 3.5, youll receive the Couldnt find installable ISAM error. Another Jet extended property is HDR. HDRYes means that there is a header row in the range, so the Jet will not include the first row of the selection into the dataset. If HDRNo is specified, then the provider will include the first row of the range (or named range) into the dataset. The first row in a range is considered to be the header row by default (HDRYes). Therefore, if you have column heading, you do not need to specify this value. If you do not have column headings, you need to specify HDRNo. Now that youre all set, this is the part where things become interesting since were now ready for some code. Lets see how to create a simple Excel Spreadsheet editor using Delphi and ADO. Note:  You should proceed even if you lack knowledge on ADO and Jet programming. As youll see, editing an Excel workbook is as simple as editing data from any standard database.

Market Structures and Pricing Strategies Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

Market Structures and Pricing Strategies - Essay Example The basic understanding underlining the case study is that the four basic structures are perfect competition, monopoly, monopolistic competition and oligopoly. Perfect Competition and Monopoly are the extreme forms and most of the markets in existence lie between the two extremes. It has been observed by economists that perfect competition and monopoly are theoretical. During 1930s Edward Chamberlin of Harvard University and Joan Robinson of Cambridge University tried to make the study of market structures more realistic. The structure they analyzed is called monopolistic competition. â€Å"The concept of perfect competition was first introduced by Adam Smith in his book "Wealth of Nations". Later on, it was improved by Edgeworth. However, it received its complete formation in Frank Kight's book "Risk, Uncertainty and Profit".† Perfect competition is the market structure where you have large number of buyers and sellers. The sellers sell identical products. An example of Perfe ct Competition is the market of bathing soaps. Key characteristics of Perfect Competition are 1. Knowledge is freely available 2. No barriers to entry 3. Firms produce identical products 4. No single firm can influence the price. The firm is the price taker and the price is determined by the industry demand and supply. 5. There are large number of firms in the market 6. The motive of the firms is profit maximisation Monopolistic competition and Oligopoly lie between the two extreme market structures of Perfect Competition and Perfect Monopoly. ... Later on, it was improved by Edgeworth. However, it received its complete formation in Frank Kight's book "Risk, Uncertainty and Profit" (1921).† As stated on : http://economicsconcepts.com/perfect_competition.htm Perfect competition is the market structure where you have large number of buyers and sellers. The sellers sell identical products. An example of Perfect Competition is the market of bathing soaps. Features of Perfect Competition: Key characteristics of Perfect Competition are 1. Knowledge is freely available 2. No barriers to entry 3. Firms produce identical products 4. No single firm can influence the price. The firm is the price taker and the price is determined by the industry demand and supply. 5. There are large number of firms in the market 6. The motive of the firms is profit maximisation 2. Monopolistic Competition Monopolistic competition and Oligopoly lie between the two extreme market structures of Perfect Competition and Perfect Monopoly. What is Monopoli stic Competition? In this market structure, there are many buyers and sellers, like in a perfect competition. However, the products are more differentiated. An example could be Restaurants, where every restaurant may specialize in a different cuisine. As Karen Collins puts it in the book Exploring Business, â€Å"Products can be differentiated in a number of ways, including quality, style, and convenience, location, and brand name.† Features of Monopolistic Competition: The Key features of Monopolistic Competition as mentioned in the book â€Å"Economics: Principles and Policy† by William j. Baumol and Alan S. Blinder are: 1 Large number of buyers and sellers 2 Freedom of entry and exit 3 Perfect Competition 4 Heterogeneous

IT Personnel Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3750 words

IT Personnel Management - Essay Example The job market is becoming more and more competitive as people are acquiring more skills and expertise making it a rat race for those who can perform the best (Jones and George, 2007) The human resource department is one of the many divisions of an organization that combine and integrate to work towards the organizational aims and goals. The main purpose of the Human resource department revolves around the process of recruitment, training and the most efficient utilization of the personnel in order to give out maximum productivity while achieving the goals and objectives of the organization. It is claimed that manpower and workforce of an organization is its most significant resource. As the world progresses and technology evolves day by day, gaining competitive advantage with the help of a focused and well-motivated workforce is imperative. In addition, there is more flexibility seen in the labor market around the world as well-qualified staff is moved between businesses. Hence, it is more pertinent to attract the most qualified employees in order to gain differentiation. Due to the importance of the people of the company it is equal important and difficult for the managers to manage these people. (Robbins and Coulter, 2004) This paper will discuss the It Personnel management and how it is different from traditional human resource management. It would elaborate over the various aspects of Personnel management and its implications. Moreover, it would compare and contrast IT management in different cultures and different countries including Saudi Arabia and India. Activities Associated with HR Management of IT Personnel Recruitment and Selection The recruitment of the right person to the right job at the right time is vital to the success of a company and is a key element of what the human resource department does.The process of recruitment of IT personnel is not very different from that of non-IT personnel. There are additional skills that the IT personnel shou ld posses. The process of recruitment can be divided into three core stages starting with the definition of requirements, then the recruitment and then the selection process. (Amit and Belcourt, 1999) It is important to define the qualities, competencies and general requirements sought from the potential employee. For an efficient selection process and to avoid future problems (including high staff turnover, lack of satisfaction and wastage of resources), it is necessary to have a preset profile of the skills and abilities of the candidate. The process of defining the requirements should start with an analysis of the job. Job analysis is the collecting, analyzing and setting out information about a job under the headings of overall purpose, content, accountability, performance criteria, competencies, responsibilities and more. Job analysis is for internal purposes and it is important in terms of job evaluation for pay purposes, for planning training programs and for efficient and ef fective recruitment. The analysis is used for drawing up the job description which is referred to a statement that defines the purpose, duties and the

Immigration in America Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Immigration in America - Essay Example America, in other words, is an admirable place to live and it is a mistake for those who currently wish to take extreme measures to restrict immigration to assume that all immigrants come to this country simply for the money. A common misconception among those who are the most vehemently opposed to lax immigration laws is that people from other countries-especially Latin American countries-put their lives and freedom on the line to make the difficult and dangerous journey so that they can take good jobs away from native-born Americans. The facts, of course, are that most immigrants take jobs that most native-born Americans would just as soon avoid: maids, gardeners, slaughterhouse employees, fast food cooks, etc (Waters & Eschbach, 1995). It hardly seems logical to assume that most foreign residents are not already aware that these are the kind of jobs they will more than likely wind up taking. If that knowledge is firmly in their hands and they still consider the journey to America worth the risk, then surely it is valid to raise the question that there must be something besides the promise of a big paycheck in a glamorous job that brings them here. If the debate over illegal immigration that has heated up to a near-boiling point in recent years is based upon the idea that quality, high-paying jobs are being taken from American citizens and given to illegal aliens, then those who are framing the debate should review the reality of the situation. Beneath that debate is the kernel of an idea that Americans would be less outraged if these immigrants arrived via legal means and took the proper steps toward becoming legal citizens, but would that really make any difference. Immigrants who come here both through legal channels and illegal channels cannot be so easily distinguished. There is literally no Anglo-Saxon who could look at a Latino or Asian and individuate between who is the legal and who is the illegal alien. Discrimination against immigrants isn't based on the knowledge of who has a green card and who doesn't, but rather purely on physical features. It is this fact that prompts an overwhelming agreement among US citizens to a statement like: "why should they [immigrants] pull themselves up by the bootstraps, become productive members of our society, and assimilate into the American culture when government policies make it easy for them not to do so"(Mcgrath, 2005). Assimilation for most of those in favor of tightening immigration laws means just one thing: speaking English, paying taxes and staying off welfare. The fear that immigrants will destroy the American economy by becoming a drain upon the social services is misguided. America lags f ar behind most of the world in offering social services such as universal health care coverage and paid education; logic does not apply when making the suggestion that most immigrants come to America to take average of the welfare state. Since the Reagan era, in fact, social service revenue for native-born residents has consistently been on a downward slope. Immigrants looking for a free ride in should set their eyes on Scandinavia, not America. (Greenwood, Mcdowell, Waldman & Zahniser, 1999, p. 64). The money argument simply does not hold up; what immigrants have historically come to America for are the intangible

Feasability Study Report Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3250 words

Feasability Study Report - Assignment Example Growing Business and Entrepreneurs (2008) suggests that India along with five countries account for nearly half the GDP of total world as measured in PPP. More than half of the world’s total population lives in just two countries of the world –India and China. Moreover these are the developing countries of the world which offer higher growth rate as compared to the already developed markets; and the economically developed countries like US and Germany are facing greater heat of recession with surging economic crises. Therefore the investment can be in either of India and China finally. There are a few points, however, that work in favor of India as compared to China which are as follows:- 1. Most of the people in India are well versed with English. So there will be no communication gap while working with the people of India which may not be the case in China. 2. Indian economy is more or less insulated with the global economy so the repercussions of the global meltdown will be minimized. 3. Chinese population has a higher ratio of old people whereas Singhal (2006) suggests that in India more than half of total population is below 25 years of age. Target consumer for the restaurants generally being young and dynamic, India offers better market penetration. 4. China has a poor record on human rights. 5. India has a closer association with the British culture than China.... Globalization has entered India in the year 1992. With the emergence of globalization, the GDP of the country has grown many folds in just a few years. Most of the major brands started outsourcing their work to India owning to the younger population of the country and the difference in the cost. With number of companies operating from India, the spending capacity of the youth has increased many folds. There is a close association of the country with British culture as the English have ruled the country as recently as 1947 A.D. which will definitely be suited to an Englishman. Moreover India generally offering outsourcing to western nations has westernized a lot in the last five years and most of the youth have started preferring Western meals to the traditional Indian spicy food. Owing to the sudden surge in the spending capacity and the latest trends of westernization offer a huge potential of growth to any authentic British restaurant. 'The Diner's Park', an authentic British restaurant, can therefore be finalized to start in Pune, the city having highest number of youths in the country. Moreover, the city has largest number of IT companies, 212 registered IT companies in 2007 as per the data reported by India Design Festivals (2009), in India. Come to the Diners Park and Feel the difference!! British Dining at its Best... The current supply side:- Most of the Indians quite like the Western culture as represented in the modern day trends in India. Currently there is a dearth of an authentic British restaurant in the city and the young crowd of India is food savvy. This is quite apparent from their behavior where they are

Strategic analysis and covert action Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Strategic analysis and covert action - Essay Example hat little research exists on the ethical analysis of various intelligence operations, such as the covert actions and the process of collecting and disseminating information2. It is important to denote that intelligence institutions usually operate under a high level of secrecy and deception. This paper analyses the ethical values of the operations of the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA). It is important to denote that the CIA carries out two major functions in its attempt to protect the citizens of the United States and the various interests of the United States government3. These functions include collecting intelligence information, as well as engaging in a covert operation. A covert action is referred to as a operation that is either conducted in a political or a military manner, and whose sponsor is not known to the public. These actions might include carrying out an assassination on a potential threat to the American interests, or even sponsoring a political group to take over power in a foreign state4. This paper analyzes whether it is ethical to combine these two functions within one central body. The position of this paper is that it is unethical to combine the information gathering role, and that of a covert action to be conducted by one central institution. Due to their roles of carrying out a covert action, the CIA loosed integrity amongst the American public. On this basis, it was impossible to effectively gather sensitive information for purposes of carrying out their roles. For example, on the 22nd of December 1974, the New York Times published a report by Seymour Hersh. This report criticized the activities of the CIA5. The activities that this report criticized included the spreading of propaganda by the CIA, the bribing of politicians, assassination of world leaders, contaminating of the various food supplies and undermining some national governments. In a report to President Henry Kissinger, the then director of the CIA admitted these

Civil Wars and Peace Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Civil Wars and Peace - Essay Example In previous years, the most important focus on war was on interstate wars. Nevertheless, in the last two decades, there has been a heave in civil wars around the world. This perturbing trend of citizens rising against their governments needs strict analysis. In this essay, focus will be shed on civil war: the causes, effects, and actions taken to cultivate peace. In most cases, war leads to peace. It has often been said that there cannot be peace without war. Accordingly, this essay will also seek to establish the relationship between war and peace. Causes of civil war Political analysts and theorists of international relations have come up with several theories to explain the occurrence of civil wars. These reasons may vary from one country to another, but fundamentally, economic, political and cultural reasons are the main reasons for civil wars. Distribution of economic resources Most countries that have experienced civil wars can attest to the fact that disproportionate distribut ion of national resources was one of the factors that led to outbreak of war. When citizens start feeling like they are getting less than they deserve, they riot against the government. A case in point is the Sudanese civil war that lasted over twenty years. Sudan began exporting oil in 1999 and promised that proceeds from oil sales would be distributed equally in the country. However, when the government failed to distribute the wealth to the south, South Sudanese rebels started attacking North Sudan claiming their fair share of oil wealth. The two sides fought over the monopoly of oil profits as each wanted to control the sale of oil. South Sudan accused north Sudan of benefitting from the sale of oil that actually lay in South Sudan. In another case, the long standing civil war in Congo was primarily caused by the vast natural resources found in the country. The availability of minerals such as gold and copper led to conflicts. President Mobutu used the minerals to enrich himself and ensure that he stayed in power (Karl & Heo, 2007). This selfishness angered the citizens and opposition leaders who formed rebel groups to oust Mobutu from office. Political ideologies Differences in political ideologies have often led to civil wars within and among states. According to Levy and Thompson (2011), the type of political ideology that governs a country determines the stability of that particular country. In democratic regimes, citizens enjoy their human and constitutional rights, thus determining the way the state is run. In dictatorial systems, on the other hand, citizens are usually oppressed and do not have a say on how they are governed. Autocratic governments, oppressive as they may be, may not often experience civil wars since the people are afraid of the government. Semi-democratic regimes are more probable to be affected by civil wars. This is because citizens are aware of their rights and are able to petition the government to grant them their rights. In r ecent times, however, occurrences have proved that citizens can stand up against tyrants. The Arab uprising is one perfect example of how willing citizens can dislodge dictators from power. The Arab spring of 2011 started with the ousting of Tunisia’

Feasability Study Report Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3250 words

Feasability Study Report - Assignment Example Growing Business and Entrepreneurs (2008) suggests that India along with five countries account for nearly half the GDP of total world as measured in PPP. More than half of the world’s total population lives in just two countries of the world –India and China. Moreover these are the developing countries of the world which offer higher growth rate as compared to the already developed markets; and the economically developed countries like US and Germany are facing greater heat of recession with surging economic crises. Therefore the investment can be in either of India and China finally. There are a few points, however, that work in favor of India as compared to China which are as follows:- 1. Most of the people in India are well versed with English. So there will be no communication gap while working with the people of India which may not be the case in China. 2. Indian economy is more or less insulated with the global economy so the repercussions of the global meltdown will be minimized. 3. Chinese population has a higher ratio of old people whereas Singhal (2006) suggests that in India more than half of total population is below 25 years of age. Target consumer for the restaurants generally being young and dynamic, India offers better market penetration. 4. China has a poor record on human rights. 5. India has a closer association with the British culture than China.... Globalization has entered India in the year 1992. With the emergence of globalization, the GDP of the country has grown many folds in just a few years. Most of the major brands started outsourcing their work to India owning to the younger population of the country and the difference in the cost. With number of companies operating from India, the spending capacity of the youth has increased many folds. There is a close association of the country with British culture as the English have ruled the country as recently as 1947 A.D. which will definitely be suited to an Englishman. Moreover India generally offering outsourcing to western nations has westernized a lot in the last five years and most of the youth have started preferring Western meals to the traditional Indian spicy food. Owing to the sudden surge in the spending capacity and the latest trends of westernization offer a huge potential of growth to any authentic British restaurant. 'The Diner's Park', an authentic British restaurant, can therefore be finalized to start in Pune, the city having highest number of youths in the country. Moreover, the city has largest number of IT companies, 212 registered IT companies in 2007 as per the data reported by India Design Festivals (2009), in India. Come to the Diners Park and Feel the difference!! British Dining at its Best... The current supply side:- Most of the Indians quite like the Western culture as represented in the modern day trends in India. Currently there is a dearth of an authentic British restaurant in the city and the young crowd of India is food savvy. This is quite apparent from their behavior where they are

Civil Wars and Peace Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Civil Wars and Peace - Essay Example In previous years, the most important focus on war was on interstate wars. Nevertheless, in the last two decades, there has been a heave in civil wars around the world. This perturbing trend of citizens rising against their governments needs strict analysis. In this essay, focus will be shed on civil war: the causes, effects, and actions taken to cultivate peace. In most cases, war leads to peace. It has often been said that there cannot be peace without war. Accordingly, this essay will also seek to establish the relationship between war and peace. Causes of civil war Political analysts and theorists of international relations have come up with several theories to explain the occurrence of civil wars. These reasons may vary from one country to another, but fundamentally, economic, political and cultural reasons are the main reasons for civil wars. Distribution of economic resources Most countries that have experienced civil wars can attest to the fact that disproportionate distribut ion of national resources was one of the factors that led to outbreak of war. When citizens start feeling like they are getting less than they deserve, they riot against the government. A case in point is the Sudanese civil war that lasted over twenty years. Sudan began exporting oil in 1999 and promised that proceeds from oil sales would be distributed equally in the country. However, when the government failed to distribute the wealth to the south, South Sudanese rebels started attacking North Sudan claiming their fair share of oil wealth. The two sides fought over the monopoly of oil profits as each wanted to control the sale of oil. South Sudan accused north Sudan of benefitting from the sale of oil that actually lay in South Sudan. In another case, the long standing civil war in Congo was primarily caused by the vast natural resources found in the country. The availability of minerals such as gold and copper led to conflicts. President Mobutu used the minerals to enrich himself and ensure that he stayed in power (Karl & Heo, 2007). This selfishness angered the citizens and opposition leaders who formed rebel groups to oust Mobutu from office. Political ideologies Differences in political ideologies have often led to civil wars within and among states. According to Levy and Thompson (2011), the type of political ideology that governs a country determines the stability of that particular country. In democratic regimes, citizens enjoy their human and constitutional rights, thus determining the way the state is run. In dictatorial systems, on the other hand, citizens are usually oppressed and do not have a say on how they are governed. Autocratic governments, oppressive as they may be, may not often experience civil wars since the people are afraid of the government. Semi-democratic regimes are more probable to be affected by civil wars. This is because citizens are aware of their rights and are able to petition the government to grant them their rights. In r ecent times, however, occurrences have proved that citizens can stand up against tyrants. The Arab uprising is one perfect example of how willing citizens can dislodge dictators from power. The Arab spring of 2011 started with the ousting of Tunisia’

Literacy and Young People Essay Example for Free

Literacy and Young People Essay The opportunity to apply for a specialist responsibility in supporting literacy development has arisen in your educational environment. For your interview you have been asked to prepare information to show that you can: Literacy means the ability to read and write. Only recently has the word ‘literacy’ been applied as the definitive term for reading and writing, mostly since the introduction of the National Literacy Strategy in schools. The skills of reading and writing complement each other and develop together, it therefore makes sense to use the term ‘literacy’. Reading and writing are forms of communication based on the spoken language. Effective speaking and listening skills are essential in order to develop literacy skills. The progression of literacy skills is a vital aspect of development and learning. Without the ability to read, write and listen children and young people may not be able to function effectively in school, college, university or at work or communicate with others about their ideas and participate fully and safely in the community. Literacy enables children and young people to express themselves creatively and productively. The majority of jobs and careers rely on an element of basic literacy (and numeracy) skills. Literacy is required in our everyday lives, to keep us safe by being able to read signs and follow instructions, read directions, reading newspapers, recipes, food labels, dealing with household finances. Literacy also enables us to progress with technology by being able use computers competently, surfing the internet and being able to read and write emails. As the heart of all learning lies the two key skills, literacy and numeracy. Literacy is possibly the more important of both skills as children and young people need literacy in order to access further curriculum areas, e.g in order to approach a numeracy problem, the question needs to be read and  understood before the answer can begin to be found. The development of literacy is important from an early age for all children and young people. As Teaching Assistants it is likely that we will be supporting children and young people with communication difficulties or other Special Educational Needs which could have an impact on their literacy skills, a situation may also arise where English is not the first language. It is important that children and young people are encouraged to explore the way the English language works, e.g phonics for vocabulary, reading, writing and spelling. This will enable children and young people to gain knowledge to be able to read, write and spell confidently. The learning objectives are associated to 12 strands in literacy to demonstrate progression in each strand. The strands are as follows:- Speak and listen for a wide range of purposes in different contexts 1. Speaking 2. Listening and responding 3. Group discussion and interaction 4. Drama Read and write for a range of purposes on paper and on screen 5. Word recognition: decoding (reading) and encoding (spelling) 6. Word Structure and spelling 7. Understanding and interpreting texts 8. Engaging and responding to texts 9. Creating and shaping texts 10. Text structure and organisation 11. Sentence structure and punctuation 12. Presentation Within my setting we aim to encourage children and young people to be able read and write with confidence, fluency and understanding, to be able to orchestrate a full range of reading cues (phonic, graphic, syntactic, contextual) to monitor their read and be able to correct their own mistakes. To understand the sound and spelling system and use this to read and spell accurately, have fluent, legible and cursive handwriting. To have an interest in words and their meanings and a growing vocabulary. To know, understand and be able to write a number of genres in fiction and poetry,  understand and be familiar with some of the ways in which narratives are structured through basic literacy ideas of setting, character and plot. The ability to understand, use and be able to write a range of non-fiction texts, plan, draft, revise and edit their own writing, have a suitable technical vocabulary through which to understand and discuss their reading and writing. Children are encouraged to be interested in books, read with enjoyment and evaluate and justify their preferences. Develop their own powers of imagination, inventiveness and critical awareness through reading and writing. In the Foundation Stage (Nursery and Reception) Children and young people should be given the opportunity to speak, listen and represent ideas in their activities. Use communication, language and English in every part of the curriculum and to become immersed in an environment rich in print and possibilities for communication. All Key Stage 1 (Years 1 and 2) – Children and young people should learn to speak confidently and listen to what others have to say. They should begin to read and write independently (using phonic knowledge) and with enthusiasm. They should be using language to explore their own experiences and imaginary words. All Key Stage 2 (Years 3-6) – Children and young people should learn to change the way they speak and write to suit appr opriate situations, purposes and audiences. They should read a range of texts and respond to different layers of meaning in them. They should explore the use of language in literary and non-literary texts and learn how the structure of language works. Intervention groups are offered in speaking, reading, writing and listening to those children and young people who are under-attaining and booster groups for the more able. Where the pupils performance is significantly below average we will seek specialist provision such as speech therapy, EAL programmes and reading recovery will be accessed as needed. In Key stages 1 and 2, English sessions use the National Strategy unit plans (our own versions) focusing on shared reading, shared and guided writing and producing sustained outcomes. Further lessons are also used for focused activities in phonics, guided reading and comprehension. In Key Stage 1 there is a daily phonics session, daily guided reading and English lesson. There is one discrete handwriting session each week. In additi on to this, there is also a slot used for the development of speaking and listening and the class story. In lower Key Stage 2 there is also a daily phonics session, four guided reading sessions and a daily  English lesson. There is one discrete handwriting session every fortnight. Additionally there is also a slot used for the development of speaking and listening and the class story. In upper Key Stage 2 there is a daily phonics/spelling session, four guided reading sessions and a daily English lesson. There is one discrete handwriting session every fortnight. Additional there is a slot used for the development of speaking and listening and the class story. The monitoring and evaluation of the English policy is the responsibility of the English co-ordinator who is responsible to the head teacher and the governors for the development of English throughout the school. This is to be achieved in a variety of ways: Regular discussions with staff concerning the progress of groups and individuals Involvement in long and medium term planning across the school in English Regular classroom observation and working alongside colleagues to help identify strengths and weaknesses, to provide support to individual staff where appropriate Regular monitoring of resources, planning and children’s work Reviewing of assessment outcomes and data to evaluate the quality of learning in English throughout the school. Checking that within a key stage there is coverage of the full English curriculum in line with national curriculum requirements, the early learning goals and current National Primary Framework objectives (where used) Checking that appropriate opportunities to raise multicultural and gender issues are created and taken Ensure that the time spent on the teaching of English is meeting our pupils needs  Literacy Lessons are the same time each day, afte r morning break time. They are broken down into phonics and spelling, guided reading and English. The lesson starts at 10.45 and finishes at 12.30pm. The children start by gathering on the carpet area to be given an overview of what is happening in the day’s lesson. As a Teaching Assistant a discussion would have taken place with the Class Teacher prior to the lesson taking place to establish the lesson plan and what is expected of you for the lesson. Some Teaching Assistants may have been involved with elements of planning a lesson and able to give their own ideas as to how is the best way to carry out activities. It may be that you work with a designated group of children who have development issues and require more attention. It is important that  the Teaching Assistant works together with the class teach to monitor the progress of pupils in all areas of literacy development. This will usually ensure that the children and young people are focused and able to meet the learning objectives. Some pupils will require more encouragement to participate than others through the use of praise and feedback, whilst identifying any concerns or problems they may have. Monitoring of the children and young people also involves the relaying of information to the Class Teacher in respect of learning objectives and feedback as to how the tasks were managed and how to achieve their goals going forwards. We also carry out intervention activities in my setting where a group of children are taken out of the lesson by a Teaching Assistant to carry out some additional literacy activities to concentrate on tasks such as sounds of letter groups, reading sessions and basic spellings to help improve their literacy development. There are also groups of children who are taken out of lessons 3 times a week to carry out additional reading activities to help improve their reading skills. In our classrooms, we also use a ‘working wall display’ to show the key learning objectives for the terms activities and the pupils are able to use this to assist with their learning independently. Within my setting we also have a reading partners lesson on a Thursday morning where year groups visit other class rooms and read with each other, e.g Year 4 read with reception, Year 3 read with year 1 and year 2 with year 5. This gives children and young people to the chance to gain confidence in reading and speaking in front of other children who are of a different age and more developed. Bibliography Textbooks: Textbooks: Burnham,L, Baker,B (2010) Level 3 Diploma Supporting Teaching and Learning in Schools (Primary). Harlow. Heinemann part of Pearson Burnham,L(2002) Brilliant Teaching Assistant. Prentice Hall Kamen, T (2008) 2nd Edition Teaching Assistants Handbook NVQ SVQ Levels 2 3. Maidstone. Hodder Education Primary School Literacy Curriculum Policy overview

Effects of Agricultural Soil Contamination

Effects of Agricultural Soil Contamination 1. Introduction Agricultural soils contaminated with heavy metals such as lead (Pb) is a threat to human health. Plants grown in contaminated soil can accumulate these metals in the shoots and roots. Metals accumulate in Living organism, especially the liver and kidneys, when these plants are used as fodder for livestock and domestic animals. Thereby enter the human food chain (Akan et al., 2010). Lead is one of the heavy metal with high extension and toxicity. Although it is not an essential element for plants or animals, but can easily be absorbed by plants and animal (Sengar et al., 2008). Pb released into the environment by mining and smelting of Pb ore, burning of coal, effluents from storage batteries, automobile exhausts, metal plating, applications of fertilizers and pesticides, and additives in paint and petrol ((Eick et al.1999; Sharma and Dubey, 2005). Inhibition of the metals uptake and transport by plants is one of the adverse effects of lead (Fodor et al, 1998). Sharma and Dubey (2005) reported that, High concentrations of Pb the in soil causes imbalance of mineralin plants. So that it is prevented from entering cations (potassium, calcium, magnesium, manganese, zinc, copper and iron) and anions (nitrate) into the root. Pourrut, et al (2011) stated that decreased nutrient absorption in the presence of Pb may be results of the changes in physiological plants activity or presence of competition between elements and lead (e.g., the same atomic size). More research is often carried out to investigate the behavior of a single metal in the plants. Therefore, examining the relationship between heavy metals and nutrients in plants that are grown in contaminated metals is an important factor in preventing the toxic effect of these metals (Siedlecka and Krupa, 1999). Interaction between iron and heavy metals such as Pb is important. Because, heavy metal influence on iron adsorption and accumulation in the root apoplasm, uptake by root and transfer from root to stem and leaves. Therefore, iron deficiency may affect the uptake and accumulation of heavy metals (Fodor, 2006). Iron is an essential element for plant growth and development (Curie Briat 2003). Under aerobic conditions, iron (III) oxy-hydroxide is the dominant form of Fe in the soil. This form is a very low solubility. Thus, available form of iron for plants is limited under these conditions. Accordingly, one of the limiting factors in agriculture production is iron deficiency in agriculture soil of different parts of the worlds (Hansen et al 2006). Generally, two major strategies used by plants under the iron deficient condition. The Strategy I used by dicotyledonous and non-graminaceous monocotyledonous plants. These plants increased acidification of the rhizosphere and reduction of ir on (III) to iron (II) in the rhizosphere through extrude H+ into the rhizosphere. Therefore, causing increased iron availability to plants (Kobayashi and Nishizawa, 2012). Strategy II is confined to graminaceous monocotyledonous plant species such as maize. Under iron deficiency condition, enhanced release phytosiderophores, which are non-proteinogenic amino acids with low-molecular-weight and high affinity for complex formation with Fe+3 (Meda et al 2007; Marschner, 1995). Generally, the optimum soil pH range for uptake Iron by plants is 5 and 5.5. Therefore, Fe deficiency is one of the widespread nutritional disorders in the plants grown on calcareous and alkaline soils (with pH>7) (Bojovic et al., 2012). So, Iron deficiency in these soils can be corrected by spraying the plants with solution of iron chelates or ferrous sulfate more efficient than any other applications of Fe to the soil (Fageria et al., 2009). Grusak and Pezeshgi, (1996) and Vert et al, (2003) reported, when, Iron used as a foliar spray, the signals of shoot to root played an important role in iron utilization by roots. One of the topics that can be discussed, is related to the role of iron on Pb uptake and translocation in plants (Bojovic et al., 2012). The Fe nutritional status of the plants with Strategists I and II may influence heavy metal uptake (Fodor, 2006). Among crop plant species, maize (Zea mays. L) is the most important cereal crop in world and it is widely grown through out the world (Mejia, 2005). Also, it is an important cereal crop of Iran and Is cultivated for fodder as well as for grain purpose in Iran (Nuraky et al., 2011). According to the material presented, further investigations are needed to examine the interaction between iron and lead. Thus, the present study aims to investigate; (i) Lead accumulation in roots and shoots of two cultivars of maize (260 and 704); (ii) Effect of foliar iron application on the uptake of lead by roots and its transport to the shoots and finally (iii) effects of lead accumulation and foliar iron application on Manganese, copper, zinc concentration and their transport. 2. Materials and Methods 2.1. Soil sampling and preparation This study was conducted in the research greenhouse of the college of agriculture and natural resources, university of Tehran. The uncontaminated soil (Normally contains 1.5 mgPbkg-1) used in this study was collected from a depth of 0–25 cm of the research farm, university of Tehran. It was air-dried at room temperature and pass through a 2 mm mesh sieve. Then, the soil was artificially contaminated by adding PbCl2. Chemical and physical characteristics summarized in Table 1. 2.2. Analytical methods 2.2.1. Soil characterization Soil texture was determined by hydro-metric method (Bouyoucos1962), total nitrogen (N) by Kjeldal method (Bremner1996), extractable phosphorous by Olsen method (Kuo1996), exchangeable potassium through normal acetate ammonium method (Hemke and Spark1996), electrical conductivity on saturated extract by Rhoades method (Rhoades1996), organic carbon content by Walkley–Black method (Nelson1982), the elements concentration were determined by atomic absorption spectrometry (Shimadzu-AA6400; Shimadzu Corp., Tokyo, Japan)) according to Waling et al (1989), cation exchange capacity (CEC) by Bower method (Sumner and Milker1996). Measurement of soil pH was done on saturated extract and equivalent calcium carbonate content was determined according to Carter and Gregorich (2008). 2.2.2. Plant analysis After a growing period (75 days), the harvested plants separated into shoots and roots. Thoroughly washed with deionized water. The roots and shoots were oven-dried at 70 Â ± 50 C for 48h. Dry ash method (muffle furnace at 550 ÃÅ'Ã…   C for 6 h) was used for determining metal concentration in plant samples. After extraction (Cottenie1980) mineral concentrations were measured in plant samples by atomic absorption spectroscopy (Shimadzu-AA6400; Shimadzu Corp., Tokyo,Japan) (Waling et al.1989). Root volume was determined by water displacement in a graduated cylinder (Messenger et al., 2000). Method of water displacement in a graduated cylinder used for determining the root volume (Messenger et al., 2000).. 2.3. Experimental treatments A Factorial experiment based on a completely randomized design with three replications was conducted in a calcareous soil under greenhouse conditions. Experimental treatments Included four levels of Pb (0 as a control, 100,200, and 400 mgPb kg-1 soil), two varieties of maize (260 and 704), four levels of iron sulfate spraying (0: without spraying, 2, 4 and 6 gr (FeSO4.7H2O) in thousand ml distilled water, respectively) at the stage of eight leaves. Lead chloride (PbCl2) was used to contaminate soils in pots. it was dissolved in distilled water and sprayed on soils. Before cultivation of plants, treated soils were incubated at 25Ã ¢-Â ¦C and field capacity moisture for 150 days to allow Pb to achieve a balanced condition in contaminated soil. The control treatment (non-spray iron) sprayed with distilled water for the same conditions. (Pb0: Uncontaminated soil and Pb1, Pb2, Pb3 are 100, 200 and 400 mg Pb kg-1 soil, respectively / Fe0: Without Spraying and Fe1, Fe2, Fe3 are Foliar Spr ay with dissolve 2, 4 and 6 gr Feso4.7H2O in thousand ml distilled water, respectively). 2.4. Plant culture and greenhouse condition Seeds of maize (Zea mays L) were obtained from the Seed and Sapling Research Institute of Karaj, Iran. The experimental plants (four per pot) were grown in plastic pots (18 cm height, 15.5 cm diameter, containing 3 kg of dry soil). The pots were watered based on 80% of the soil field capacity. Artificial light was used and daily light was adjusted to 12–14 h and 10000 luxe. Greenhouse temperature was 25Â ±2Â ° C. 2.5. Translocation Factor The translocation factor (TF) is used to investigate metal transfer from root-to-shoot. It was calculated by the following equation: (Han et al, 2013) TF = (1) 2.6. Statistical Analysis Data were analyzed by ANOVA using SAS software version 9.1 (SAS Institute, Cary, N.C.,USA). Duncan’s test was used to determine the significant differences between means (P

An Analysis Of Parents and Children, Of Marriage and Single Life, and Of Love :: Of Parents and Children Essays

An Analysis of Bacon's Essays - Of Parents and Children, Of Marriage and Single Life, and Of Love Our modern world was the endeavored dream of the medieval genius Sir Francis Bacon.   In attempt to reach his desired vision, Bacon displayed his convictions in the literary works, The Essays, which are intended to help young people get ahead in life.   Three of these essays: Of Parents and Children, Of Marriage and Single Life, and Of Love, are essays that unfurl common literary characteristics.   In these essays Bacon utilizes logical thought, elegance of phrasing, and precepts.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Simple logical thought is the basis and stability in writing.   In Bacon’s essay, Of Parents and Children, I was spared of confusion through the clarity of the points, â€Å"and surely a man shall see the noblest works and foundations have proceeded from childless men, which have sought to express the images of their minds.†Ã‚   Bacon’s statement is very to the point.   It is this simplicity that will allow supportive commentary.   In the commentary is where the writing may be more extravagant.   But the simple logical thoughts Bacon applies, provides the cornerstone of his writing.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The impressive, elegance of phrasing, eliminates the bore by adding quenching flavor.   In Bacon’s essay, Of Marriage and Single Life, an intriguing analogy adds spice, â€Å"A single life doth well with churchmen; for charity will hardly water the ground where it must first fill a pool.†Ã‚   The analogy is poetry in an informative essay.   It impresses and tantalizes.   It speaks visually in a world that loves to see.   Elegance of phrasing in literature allows enveloped reading.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Cultured precepts in literature are proverbs we can apply in our lives.   In Bacon’s essay, Of Love, there is a strong minded piece of advice, â€Å"You may observe that amongst all the great and worthy persons, (whereof the memory remainth ancient or recent), there is not one that hath been transported to the mad degree of love, which shows that great spirits and great business do keep out of this weak passion.†Ã‚   We live by what we learn.   Through learning we gather wisdom and knowledge and incorporate it in our lives.

The Types of Skiing Essay -- Classification Descriptive Ski Sports Ess

  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Every four years in the Winter Olympics, we see professional athletes compete in many areas ranging from downhill skiing to high-speed bobsledding. We see the professionals demonstrate their spectacular abilities, and we try to emulate them in our own activities. In the Olympics, cross-country and downhill skiing are two very popular sports, and even non-professionals can get into them. In this essay I will classify the various types of skiing into three categories and inform you about each.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The first type of skiing that I will discuss is cross-country skiing. As its name implies, cross-country skiing consists of horizontal travel across flat land and relatively few hills. Cross-country skis are not optimized for speed, but instead for easier long distance travel. This type of skiing is also the least expensive of the three types and has recently been gaining many new enthusiasts. A decent quality cross-country ski package would cost around $150. As for choosing equipment, the skier should pick out poles that are as tall as his shoulders. (For most people this would mean a 140 cm to 150 cm pole.) Skis come in three common sizes, 190 cm, 210, cm and 240 cm, and the proper length depends on the height of the person. To determine the size needed, the person should hold his hands above his head and choose the ski that most closely approximates the distance from the base of his palm to the floor. The following table gives some guidelines as to which ...

Scarlet Letter Pearl

Scarlet Letter- pearl Through out the story Pearl was said to be a curse of Hester's adultery but personally I believe she was somewhat of a blessing and a curse. For a child Pearl had amazing intelligence and was able to imagine a multitude of different personas but being as intelligent as she is, is not always a good thing for she knew that she was an outcast and even the imaginary personas she created were not her friends but enemies.The ways in which Pearl was a blessing were for fact that other than Mr. Dimmesdale she was her mother's only companion throughout all the years and the other than Mr. Dimmesdale she could be there all the time not just when they can meet in the forest. Pearl was thought by Hester to be her redemption even if it was too late for herself she wanted the best life for pearl so she would try to do everything for her to Hester, Pearl was the greatest blessing she could have asked for and maybe even more so. he was also a blessing because when Hester and Di mmesdale meet up in the woods she would not acknowledge Hester without the letter on her chest and would not accept a kiss from Dimmesdale because she did not want them hiding in secret any longer and wanted them to come fourth and for them to be a family by asking if they were all going to walk back into town together holding hands. Although Pearl was a blessing she was sort of a curse in more ways than one. She was always hard for Hester to manage throughout the years because she was a very difficult child to manage being her mother's daughter she was strong willed and very hard headed.Also she was look upon as a curse for even after the letter is removed Pearl will be looked upon as the one remaining emblem to remind every one of the sin of how she was created. she is also looked as a curse for her outbreaks of anger when children would lash out with their tongues she would burst into an outrage scaring off her cruel taunters then she would return to normal and be just as happy a s can be. Pearl was believed to be a curse by most because she was the product of sin and often showed signs of which she was of evil origin.Pearl was not purely evil or a curse because what she wanted was pure even if sometimes she went about it wrong, all she really wanted was for Dimmesdale to admit that he is her father and for them to be a happy family. Pearl is drawn to the scarlet letter on Hester's chest because she believes it is not a sign of sin or crime but one to show that it was her love and not to be ashamed of it that Pearl was not a product of sin but a product of love and affection and wear it proudly till she can show all of them that she and Dimmesdale love each other.Pearl was a blessed curse one in which was made on a sin of act but turned to help both Dimmesdale and Hester realize what it was that they wanted. if you look at one of my favorite quotes â€Å"I see now that the circumstances of one's birth are irrelevant; it is what you do   with the gift of l ife that determines who you are. â€Å"-Mew-two from Pokemon: the first movie it relates highly to Pearl because does it really matter how she came in to this world she did something no other could do by bringing out both the truth of who the father was and helped them realize they all wanted to be together as a family, that is why Pearl was a blessed curse.

Final Draft

Football is a kind of sport which involves kicking a ball with our foot to score a goal. In football, the common skills include passing, tackling, catching and kicking the ball. There are some reasons why soccer has been the most popular sport in the world, including Indonesia. The first reason why soccer has been the most popular sport in Indonesia is because it is played on all levels. Soccer can be played by children, teenagers or even middle-aged man. Experts found out that professional Club academies recruit thousands of young footballers – some of hem only five years-old, meaning children can also play football.Dry. Jean- Pierre Marksmen, a director of medical team in soccer, estimate that the maximum age for soccer players is about 40 years old. He added that this age is for top-class players who play in a well-known league, so for older people who wants to play soccer just for fun, they still can play but they shouldn't force their body too much. In Addition, playing s occer could also bring health benefits to our body which includes: lowers body fat, builds strength, flexibility, and endurance.One of Soccer Expert, Timmy Sutherland, explained that â€Å"An increase in aerobic capacity allows soccer players to run farther for a longer period Of time. † This means as soccer increases our cardiac capacity, it also improve our endurance or body stamina. He also added that â€Å"As people get older, bone density becomes more of an issue. The repeated weight-bearing loads on the body during a soccer match are an excellent way to increase the strength of our skeletal frame†. In other words, playing soccer will increases muscle and bone strength. Soccer is a great sport for weight ass because it works your muscles in different ways.Playing soccer burns more calories than typical workouts because you ire forced to switch between using your aerobic and anaerobic energy pathways. Playing soccer burns for about 260 calories in half an hour. The refore, if you play soccer for an hour three times a week, you can burn 1,500 calories each week, and lose 2 pounds each month from playing soccer. Other than that, many people choose soccer as the best sport to play because it is challenging yet easy to play. As we know, it is hard to score a goal in soccer because we need to pass wrought 10 enemy players then shoot towards goalie to score a goal.One key thing in playing soccer is teamwork, in order to score goal easily, we must show a good teamwork and team cooperation, because compared with the one who play individually, we can save our energy and work as a team. In conclusion, soccer is the most popular sport in Indonesia because in soccer, running and kicking the ball, or even scoring a goal can burn a lot Of fat in our body and make our body healthy. For those who like soccer, kicking a soccer ball around is something that can be so addictive and they can spend hours ongoing it without getting bored. Final Draft Ethos pertains to ethical appeals; pathos relates to emotions and values; and lastly, logos communicates a logical appeal. Through the use of logos, ethos, and pathos, this paper will discuss how I became a member of my discourse community; which is my youth group. In addition, it will give you an insight into a large segment of my life. The first night was ever invited to join my youth group was during the fall of 2008. Sitting in youth group on Wednesday nights has taught me about God on a much deeper level and has helped me have a more personal connection with my Lord and Savior.Because have been in youth for six years I have developed logos by having a well-rounded knowledge of the Bible, and because of my level of experience. My youth group knows that they can come to me if they are ever stressed or concerned about anything, or even if they have any questions. Additionally, Robert and Leslie know they can come to me if they need help with the youth or setting up a game. Every no w and then, Leslie and Robert will plan a game night instead of teaching. It is during these nights that they usually pick me as a team captain because of my knowledge of the Bible, due to all my years in youth group.Now some naysayer might say that have not yet become a part of this discourse community, but this summer my youth group leaders believed otherwise. Throughout the years, have developed a strong bond with my youth group leaders. Because am one of the original members of our youth group, I have been there the longest along with my best friend, Andrea Camp-Valve. Traditionally, after a person graduates from high school, our youth group traders throw a party in celebration of their entrance into the adult congregation that meets at the same time.This year, for the first time since youth began, my youth group leaders offered my friend Andrea and I an assistant leadership position in youth, further cementing my ethos. Although assistant leadership positions have been offered to others before, this marks the first time it has been offered to someone our age. Leslie and Robert felt we truly know God's Word and could teach it if one day something came up and they had to be absent. With that being said, one of our responsibilities as assistant leaders is to share a message once every two months.Some of our other responsibilities include decorating the youth room; planning game nights once a month; and assisting in planning youth events such as lock-ins, parties, and any trips we may take. In previous years, I have attended countless mission trips with my youth group to Mexico. During these trips, I have had the privilege to pray and intercede for many families and children. On one of our youth group mission trips to Mexico, I went to a shelter for or orphan children with mental disabilities. This home is not funded by the government at all and has been able to survive throughout the years from donations and several volunteers.It was at this shelter where th e youth and I were able to help the owners clean up the grounds, paint fences and gates, and feed the children. Once I finished helping out with the outside work, I was able to sit down and color and read with these beautiful children. Although they were poor and had very little, was highly impacted by how happy the children were and how peaceful the atmosphere seemed. This experience helped me develop pathos by having some one-on-one time with these children and by helping the owners refurbish part Of the grounds.Over the past few years, I have been a part of numerous fundraisers that my youth group has held in order to raise money for the lower income families in my church to go on mission trips. At the same time, most of the money we have raised during these fundraisers has gone into donations we give to people or churches when we go on mission trips. For the past two years, my youth group has been able to raise enough money to host a summer camp or the children in Mexico in two different churches. This is a very large feat for our youth to have been able to achieve.It takes countless hours and a willing staff to prepare all the decorations, games, toys, and prizes we hand out during Vacation Bible School. Even after everything has been made and prepped, we still have to load it all in several vans and drive it all the way down to Mexico. Last year, I had the privilege to go and share the Gospel with over 200 children and teenagers. The amount of prizes for the kids that were donated to our church was overwhelming. Even though we did BBS for two very large churches, we had enough prizes for all the kids to receive at least three toys per person.These kids are extremely poor, therefore for them to have received these toys was an incredible blessing to them. During BBS, we were also able to feed all the kids and make sure they went home full; sadly, for most of these kids, that meal we gave them was the only thing they would eat that day. Cannot stress enough just how poor these children are, and yet, they are tremendously happy. It is quite unbelievable to see heir need and yet none of them complain about anything, while here in America, we have everything and still complain if it is too hot in a building with air conditioning.This helped me develop the pathos aspect by highlighting these mission trips and visiting said orphanages and underprivileged individuals. Being a member of my youth group has helped me mature and grow in so many ways. It has opened my eyes to see the world in a completely different perspective. My youth group has always been there with me through thick and thin; not one time have I ever felt rejected by them. Lastly, it has taught me about God and how much He wants to have a personal relationship with me.Because of my youth group, have the best group of friends I could imagine; all of my best friends are members as well. I cannot wait to start this new chapter in my life as assistant leaders for my youth group a nd looking back on all the years I have been a part of youth, am truly thankful that God has put me in this discourse community. Because of ethos, pathos, and logos, have earned valuable skills that I know I will need for future endeavors. I can honestly say I am a proud member of this discourse community.