Privacy And Surveillance In It Free Essays

The improvement in Information Technology (IT) assumes a significant job in the more noteworthy cooperation and correspondence of individuals in different pieces of the globe. During the procedure of correspondence, the trading of individual data couldn't be forestalled among individuals. In any case, this sort of movement additionally undermine the security of individuals on the grounds that the rise of the Internet and other mechanical devices have made it conceivable to have simple access to data even the ones that are consider as private. We will compose a custom article test on Protection And Surveillance In It or on the other hand any comparable theme just for you Request Now Being the situation, it is significant that protection and reconnaissance in IT is given due consideration. Security is characterized as â€Å" . . . he intrigue that people have in continuing an individual space, liberated from obstruction by others and organizations† (Clarke, 1999). By the by, as indicated by Brock Meeks (1999) the security of individuals during this data age is being â€Å"eaten away† and is as of now dead in light of the different implies that could be utilized so as to encroach upon it. The internet is attacking the security of people and this could be seen through spam, treats, and the clickstream. In any case, there are likewise intrusion of protection that could be unfavorable to the security of an individual like the constant individual area advancements (Clarke, 1999). Moreover, moral issues have additionally developed in the trading of data and correspondence of individuals particularly in the working environment. Representatives are expecting their protection would be regarded in the messages that they trade with others however this is now and then not fulfilled on account of the need of the organization to control and screen the progression of data in the working environment (Weisband and Reinig, 1995). Accordingly, this has gotten one of the most discussed moral just as lawful issues that should be tended to. Individual data protection is simply the capacity to control data is getting more significant than any time in recent memory (Millberg et. al, 1995). Comparable to this, there are a few preventive measures and laws that could be actualized so as to secure the protection of people. A portion of the projects that ensure the security of individuals in connection with the utilization of the Internet are: the Privacy Preference Project (P3P) which is a straightforward computerized method of controlling the utilization of individual data on sites, record encryption, firewalls, and access control frameworks (Quinn, 2005). The Australian government has its Australian Privacy Act that is chiefly dependable in controlling security matters in the nation (Australian Privacy Foundation, 2009). In addition, observation of the progression of data in the working environment and different associations is as yet begging to be proven wrong yet it is to be sure useful in ensuring the protection of individuals against the individuals who might need to approach of their own data. In any case, observation in IT ought to likewise be capably utilized for security purposes just and not to make hurt others. The most effective method to refer to Privacy And Surveillance In It, Papers

Womens Day Essay Example for Free

Womens Day Essay Have you at any point given an idea that for what reason is the International Women Day Celebrated for? No? Don't sweat it. Continue perusing as it’s proceeding. Do you know when the principal International Women Day appeared? Only 101 years prior. You should think why would that be? So listen the ladies didn't had a similar right as these days. They were significantly being a survivor of savagery, they were the principle casualty of destitution and absence of instruction, and they had no rights by any stretch of the imagination, not by any means an option to cast a ballot would you be able to envision that? The ladies were considered as a minority in each part of life than men. Don’t you believe that wasn't right? You’re 100% right. These contemplations turned into the fundamental explanation behind Women to battle for their privileges when they filled in as group to fight for their excursion towards correspondence between the two sexual orientations. Where did I go on International Women Day? eighth March is the official date to praise this intriguing day all around various countries so why you can even envision me sitting home and viewing t.v. As a young ladies myself I went to a motivating course on eighth March 2013 (International Women’s Day) at Olswang, London. The structure was actually a delightful bit of workmanship however they didn’t permit us to snap a picture inside (Bad karma). We were given an ID identification as security purposes and we followed staff towards the gathering room with situated splendid and fruitful ladies who looked wonderful also and not to overlook not many men were situated there too. Up to this point you might be thinking now it’s going to be exhausting right? Not so much! What was energizing about the day? It wasn’t actually a gathering or a talk. We began with a mouth-watering assortment of bites and beverages and sat on our allocated seats with other school and school understudies. To give a side kick to the convention among the gathering individuals they relegated each table with a test of building the most elevated pinnacle with the marshmallows and the bamboo sticks. My partners began with blasting vitality by pouring beverage on the table. We didn’t won however had some good times in it. The Guest speakers that came there were all gifted and they shared their brilliant experience of life and the hard works that they went however to get fruitful yet interestingly, they all were extremely cheerful and fulfilled in their lives. They all have a place with various fields for example police, specialist, media, enrollment division, banking and significantly more. There words and the manner in which they introduced it was persuasive and it gave me a capacity to go past the cutoff points, contact the sky and make the best of both world. That’s how this excellent day wound up with some open talk with one another on a cuppa and treats. We additionally got goodie sacks exceptionally chose for Women. Continuously Remember in Mind: There isn’t any minority or larger part as in sex in the event that you don’t concur, at that point sad to report however you have to fix those lose screws buddy. There isn’t anything that the Women can’t do. You simply need to figure out how to locate your inward potential and need to trust in yourself since you are simply the world.

5 Essential Tips for Aspiring Graphic Designers

5 Essential Tips for Aspiring Graphic Designers For creative types who enjoy making visual art, a career in graphic design makes sense. It offers the opportunity to combine work with play and turn a talent into a careerâ€"a very lucrative career if youre a standout in the industry.Graphic design can be a tough field to break into. The industry is flooded with graphic designers looking to make names for themselves and get a foot in the door. Standing out takes more than talent; it takes diligence, patience and an understanding of what graphic design is all about.Not only do designers use visual artistry to convey a message that inspires an idea or action, they do it in accordance with a clients specific goals. It takes time and effort to build expertise in a field that combines art theory, typography, programming, marketing and communications. And while theres no set path to success in graphic design, there are steps you can take to increase your chances of getting work and getting known. First, you should understand theres a lot y ou dont know about graphic design.1. Do the courseworkAccomplished designer Timothy Samara described the process of graphic design as seeing (and understanding) how the qualities of visual materialâ€"shapes, images, color theory, typography, and layoutâ€"work, and work together… and then being able to decide which qualities of each are relevant and engaging and useful for visualizing a particular idea or solving a certain problem.Graphic design combines a vast range of skill sets into one role. Successful graphic designers are masters of not only color, shape and typography but also a wide and ever-evolving range of software, programming languages like HTML and CSS, branding, marketing and client communication. Knowledge of animation, 3D and VR (virtual reality) concepts is becoming more common. Graphic designers who have at least a basic understanding of UI/UX (user-interface/user-experience) design principles are even more in demand.It can be difficult to assemble that body of k nowledge and skill on your own, so while structured learning isnt strictly necessary to succeed in the industry, it helps a lot.A formal design education could mean a comprehensive design program, typically a Bachelor of Fine Arts degree, or individual, well-chosen courses. Design programs cover topics like basic theory and fundamentals, digital-illustration technologies, programming languages, multimedia integration, multi-platform design techniques, branding, self-marketing and portfolio development, providing a well-rounded basis for a career in digital design. It may also offer opportunities for networking and real-world experience, invaluable assets for an aspiring designer (more on that later).Check out Animation Career Reviews list of the top 50 U.S. design programs in 2018 to get a feel for whats out there. But remember, guided coursework can form the basis of a career in graphic design. What it cant do is replace real-world experience.2. Social media: Know whats out thereSu ccessful graphic designers know what other graphic designers are creating. In the hierarchy of jobs requiring an of-the-minute mindset, graphic design is up there. Its a fast-paced industry that reflects and sets visual trends, and if you dont know whats getting attention right now, youre losing ground.Social media is a critical tool in the design field, and no less so if youre just starting out. Keeping up with todays noteworthy designs and designers can keep you versed on the latest trends, successes and failures in the industry. It can up your own game, too, suggesting tweaks or entirely new avenues of experimentation in your designs.Do a hashtag search or find one designer and see who[sic] theyre following, suggests digital-marketing expert Sawaram Suthar on Canva. [Y]oure sure to discover works and artist[s] that can inspire you.There are countless ways to keep track of the latest work in graphic design. Various experts mention Instagram, YouTube, Facebook, Pinterest, design bl ogs and portfolio sites as worth exploring. Lots of design sites have recommendations to get you started: Try Creative Bloqs 32 graphic designers to follow on Instagram, Creative Markets 10 Brilliant Graphic and Web Design Pinterest Boards, the Art Institutes 5 Famous Graphics Designers to Follow, Shillingtons 50 Best Design Blogs You Have to Read in 2018 and Adobes 20 Creatives to Watch in 2018.3. Join the communityFollowing great designers is just the beginning, though. If you really want to make it in the field, engage with them.[I]f youre looking to leverage your design skills, writes Suthar, you need to put yourself out there.Like most creative fields, graphic design thrives on the constant exchange of ideas, opinions and critiques. Networking is a key aspect of launching (and maintaining) a successful design career: Its a highly competitive industry, and when youre low on experience, getting your name out there and building a reputation can help open doors. Designer communitie s offer a way for you to interact with other designers, experienced and novice alike. They provide a forum for you to share your work and get feedback from other designers in the field. Your skills will undoubtedly benefit from posting your workâ€"and commenting on the work of othersâ€"on portfolio sites like Dribbble and Behance.Also, check out forums like Graphic Design Forum and Reddit Graphic Design. Follow some threads, join the discussion and ask questions. A lot of experienced designers will be happy to provide guidance and offer new avenues of experimentation that can help you solve a problem or develop your personal style.4. Dont be afraid to failGenerally speaking, get as much feedback on your work as you can. By all accounts, its essential to your development as a designer. Negative feedback can be the most valuable, according to Paula Scher, whose work includes the Citibank umbrella logo (which she reportedly designed on a napkin in five minutes) and the 2012 Windows 8 l ogo redesign.You have to fail in order to make the next discovery, she told Psychology in 2009. Its through mistakes that you actually can grow. You have to get bad before you can get good.One of the best things you can do as a new graphic designer is consistently share your work in places where youll receive honest feedback. In addition to Behance and Dribbble, Digital Arts Online recommends Adobe Portfolio, Wix, Fabrik and FolioLink as some of the top places to share design work. (Check out the complete list.)In lieu of a large portfolio, build a body of work on social media. Nothing compares to real-world experience, but it can reflect your skill level, range, commitment and following.5. Get real-world experienceStill, definitely be building that portfolio.Its not easy when youre just starting out. In graphic design as in most fields, without experience, its hard to land job, which makes it hard to build the experience you need to land jobs. But experience is everything. It shows what you can do in a real-world design setting, for clients.Internships are great experience-builders. Interns learn on the job, working with professional designers on client-driven projects. (Plus, the firm might hire you if they like your work.) But there are a lot more graphic designers than there are internships, so competition can be fierce. Design programs can be helpful here, as they often offer assistance securing an internship with a design firm during the course of study. You dont need to be in a program to apply, though. You can usually find ads for internships on job-search sites and the sites of the ad agencies and design studios offering them.There are other ways to gain experience, you just have to get creative. Maybe a relatives business website could use a redesign. Suthar suggests offering to design a friends wedding invitation or selling designs on Etsy. Creative Bloq offers an extensive list of online design marketplaces.Also, try volunteering your design skills . Organizations like schools, religious organizations and charities may be open to a new online look. A lot of nonprofits post ads requesting free graphic-design services on both volunteer- and job-search sites.According to Designrfix, you could even show spec work in your portfolio: Find a local company that could use a new logo or website, design it and present it to the owners or marketing team. Whether or not they like it, the experience with the organization will earn you credible work and enhance your portfolio.In conclusion, find clients. As many as you can.Graphic designer, blogger and podcaster Lauren Hooker put it this way: [T]heres no greater teacher than first-hand experience. You can study design, you can plan for the future, and you can seek wisdom from other experienced designers, but you cant gain an accurate picture of what this industry truly looks like until you jump in head-first.

Argumentative Essay Buy Nothing Day - 702 Words

Buy Nothing Day The first ever Buy Nothing Day was held in Canada on 1992. Buy Nothing Day was organized as a day where no goods would be purchased, and as a result of this boycott of goods it would raise awareness of the ethical and environmental implications of overconsumption. This is a great and innovative idea that gives publicity to a neglected issue, which is the implications of overconsumption. Nowadays people do not realize how much damage overconsumption actually does to our world. They fail to realize that their brand new Nike sneakers were made by child labor in a crammed sweatshop somewhere in Asia. They fail to realize how much pollution was released into the environment from mass production in factories, so that they could†¦show more content†¦It would also send a message to the consumers who over-consume. With the whole world united together against overconsumption people would stop and think before buying something that they did not need, thus ending another problem with overconsumption. Many people against Buy Nothing Day would argue that times are times are hard and having such a day would have a negative effect on an already crumbling economy, but such thoughts are illogical. If someone were going toShow MoreRelatedReflection Paper1578 Words   |  7 Pagesto keep my reader’s attention while still fixing the micro issues such as writing my sentences in a more organized manner. One sentence I struggled to write to make my intentions more clear was talking about my best friend’s car accident: â€Å" To this day, I do not know what caused the accident, but I have a strong feeling that the driver was distracted.† It did not occur to me when I originally wrote this sentence that I based a lot of my idea off of a hunch. In order to fix this, I wrote two new sentencesRead MorePersuasive Essay On School Uniforms1671 Words   |  7 Pagesstudent can exercise their right to express themselves freely. Student will be abl e to focus on education and save money too. By removing restriction on uniform of student can achieve good education and feel free of expressing themselves as uniform has nothing to do with their character. It is important because it gives freedom of right to student and eliminate the burden of buying extra dress to the parent. All school should stop forcing student to wear school uniform immediately. â€Æ' Introduction ThereRead MoreArgumentative Essay : Failing The Fathers1291 Words   |  6 PagesIsaac Salinas English 1A Mr. Gejeian July 7, 2015 Argumentative essay Failing Our Fathers This nation was founded on the belief that all men and women have the chance to achieve what they set out to accomplish. Our founding fathers fought for these beliefs yet they would turn in their graves if they could see how this nation has changed for the worse. Once a land where any humble underprivileged man or woman could earn a better life through perseverance and hard work has ceased to exist. IncreasinglyRead MoreEating Disorders and Free Essays8687 Words   |  35 Pagesï » ¿2 = 2 dfhnmxpd h Free Essays Home | Search Essays | FAQ | Guarantees | Privacy | Lost Essay? | Contact Search Results eating disorder Free Essays Unrated Essays Better Essays Stronger Essays Powerful Essays Term Papers Research Papers Search by keyword: Sort By: Your search returned over 400 essays for eating disorder. To narrow your search results, please add more search terms to your query. [1] [2] [3] [4] [5] [Next ] These results are sorted by most relevantRead MoreEssay Writing7014 Words   |  29 Pagesfor in narrative essay writing I am assuming that the student is able to construct basic sentence and grammar structure (past amp; present tense etc.). If the student is unable to do so, he/she is in no condition to attempt essay writing. Please sign the student for basic language/ grammar classes instead. There is a limit to how much advice I can offer via text. So I will just offer two key points. 1. ESSAY FLOW 2. CHARACTERS’ EMOTIONS / FEELINGS * 1. Essay Flow Essay flow means no breakRead MoreReflection Paper On The Street Vendors Are Hardworking And Dedicated Immigrants1773 Words   |  8 Pagesweeks ago our professor asked us to write an argumentative proposal where we had to support an idea and to find a counterargument towards it. Therefor I wanted to discuss how street vendors are hardworking and dedicated immigrants who learn through many experiences that help our country. Visiting La Tapachulteca made me realize that the articles that we read in class about immigrants having it really hard time is not always the case. For instance, in my essay I discussed how immigrants have to work inRead MoreHow Does A Middle Paragraph Differ From The Structure Of An Introductory Paragraph? Essay6292 Words   |  26 Pageswrite, longer paragraphs force the writer to think more, so that they will be able to cut out the parts that are unnecessary in the future. 4. In what way does the structure of a paragraph resemble the structure of a full essay? a. The structures of a paragraph and a full essay are similar because they both include a beginning, a middle, and an end. 5. What is the function of the first sentence in a paragraph? a. The first sentence in a paragraph is the topic sentence, which tells the reader aboutRead MoreKant And Aldo Leopold s Ethics Regarding Sustainability And Personal Obligation3383 Words   |  14 Pagesalways at the same time as end and never merely as a means† (Kant, 1785). Perpetuating unsustainable practices that are detrimental to the environment and future generations purely is immoral, especially if done purely for one’s self-interest. Present-day generations, for example, gain an overall benefit from burning fossil fuels, whereas future generations will suffer from it. Since we will not be alive when the environmental crises turn into disasters, we may not behave in an ecologically consciousRead MoreLiterature Has The Power Of Literature3178 Words   |  13 Pagestheir neighborhood. Even zealous individuals, who feel strongly about their religion or their views on racism and controversial issues such as abortion, marijuana, or LGBT rights, can be changed by one book. Prejudiced minds and racist hearts are nothing to the power of literature. Books and poems, short stories and plays have all changed lives. To some people, reading takes them to other places, places they could never afford to go to, nor have the chance to go. Books help them understand why someRead More Shakespeare in Contemporary Movies Essay4875 Words   |  20 PagesShakespeare by popular culture as fitting Barthes’ definition of a myth, a system of communication in which the object of the communication is not as important as the way in which the message is conveyed. Myth exists to be appropriated....[It] hides nothing: its function is to distort, not to make disappear. (119, 121). Injecting Shakespeare into movies involving the struggles of the disempowered ends up distorting the source of their oppression, making them personally responsible for their rise, or

The Discovery Of The Dna - 1088 Words

Scientist Who Co-Discovered the DNA Says Our Genes Were Brought Here by Aliens Francis Crick (8 June 1916 — 28 July 2004) was an English scientist who was most noted for being a co-discoverer of the structure of the DNA molecule in 1953 alongside James D. Watson. Francis Crick Watson and Maurice Wilkins were jointly awarded the 1962 Nobel Prize for Physiology for Medicine â€Å"for their discoveries concerning the molecular structure of nucleic acids and its significance for information transfer in living material.† He was clearly a brilliant scientist who unfortunately, like many other brilliant minds who came up with theories that challenged the accepted frameworks at the time, wasn’t given much ‘press.’ In his book published in 1982,†¦show more content†¦After all, theories like this aren’t just born out of nowhere and this gentleman won the Nobel Prize for the study of DNA. Thoughts like this should not be taken lightly and evidence should be examined to see if it’s a plausible hypothesis. Please keep in mind while reading this article that, although we’ve discovered much, we have yet to identify the biological functions of large portions of our DNA. There is so much mystery wrapped in what could possibly hold the answer to life itself and the origins of the human race. A few years ago, Chandra Wickramasinghe, the Director of the Buckingham Centre for Astrobiology at the University of Buckingham in the U.K., published a paper regarding their supposed findings of the first-ever evidence of extraterrestrial life found in a celestial body. At the time, Wickramasinghe pointed out to Huffington Post how, in 1962: â€Å"Hoyle and I pioneered the theory of carbon grains in space to replace the old ice grain theory. This was vehemently resisted by the astronomical community at the outset, but with the dawn of infrared spectroscopy, the ice grain theory gave way to the carbon dust theory. â€Å"Over a few years, after a great deal of model-fitting, we came to the conclusion that material similar to biomaterial fitted all the available data in astronomy. We considered the possibility that microbiology had a universal character, and no observations in astronomy or new information from biologyShow MoreRelatedThe Discoveries Of The Discovery Of Dna957 Words   |  4 PagesThe discovery of DNA is arguably one of the most important breakthroughs of genetics in the 19th and 20th centuries. Its discovery is littered with successes, failures, and even heartache. Numerous scientists are attributed to the discovery of DNA as a genetic material and even many more are also credited to the discovery of the molecule, structure, and function. Without the work of these remarkable scientists, the medical advancements over the last 50 years would not be possible. In 1865Read MoreThe Discovery Of Dna Testing1179 Words   |  5 Pagesspecialized tools and processes while utilizing new discoveries to aid understanding of the past. One significant advancement is the discovery of Deoxyribonucleic Acid (DNA). The discovery of DNA has greatly enhanced our ability to analyze ancient remains and interpret the findings within the field of archeology. To fully demonstrate the impact that DNA has brought to the field of archeology it is important to understand the historical discovery of DNA and initial integration into the field of archeologyRead MoreThe Discovery Of The Structure Of Dna1089 Words   |  5 PagesRosalind Franklin and her Contribution to the Structure of DNA Specific Purpose: To enable the audience to reflect on how Rosalind Franklin contributed to the discovery of the structure of DNA. Introduction: I. Open with Impact: Could you having a significant role in one of the greatest scientific achievements of all time, but not getting credit for it? Not only that, but constantly putting yourself in harm’s way to make this discovery, and eventually dying because of it? II. Thesis Statement:Read MoreDiscoveries In Dna Essay1188 Words   |  5 PagesAssignment 2 06/06/2017 Discoveries in DNA, cell biology, evolution, biotechnology have been among the major achievements in biology over the past 200 years with accelerated discoveries and insights over the last 50 years. Consider the progress we have made in these areas of human knowledge. Present at least three of the discoveries you find to be most important and describe their significance to society, health, and the culture of modern life. DNA per medical dictionary is defined asRead MoreThe Discovery of DNA Essay723 Words   |  3 PagesDNA – the very molecule that defines who we are. It is still fascinating that a molecule that is so small that is not visible to the naked eye determines not just our physical appearance but also our mental wellbeing. Over 60 years, the discovery of the double helix DNA had impacted various fields relating to Biology and Chemistry, contributing to the advancement of technology and subsequently mankind too. The discovery of DNA had opened up many opportunities in the field of genetics. By analysisRead MoreThe Discovery Of The Dna Structure2092 Words   |  9 PagesOne of the most important things discovered and understood in biology within science, has been the discovery of the DNA structure. Where DNA is the abbreviation for deoxyribonucleic acid, though it is more known by nearly everyone simply as DNA. The idea behind DNA is that it is a self-replicating material that can be found in all living organisms, especially humans. The structure of DNA was solved in the year 1953, and was solved by four very important scientists who were; Francis Crick, RosalindRead MoreEssay On DNA Discoveries945 Words   |  4 PagesDiscoveries in DNA, cell biology, evolution, biotechnology have been among the major achievements in biology over the past 200 years with accelerated discoveries and insights over the last 50 years. Consider the progress we have made in these areas of human knowledge. Prese nt at least three of the discoveries you find to be most important and describe their significance to society, health, and the culture of modern life. DNA per medical dictionary is defined as A nucleic acid that carries the geneticRead MoreThe Discovery Of The Double Helix And Dna979 Words   |  4 PagesDNA is the central dogma of modern biology, it is present in all living things from bacteria to mammals. DNA carries the genetic information of the organism and is used in processes like mitosis, meiosis and protein production. The reason as to why I chose this topic specifically is because it is central to my favourite aspect of biology, genetics. Prior to the discover of the double helix and DNA itself there was some information and experiments done on genetics with what little knowledge theyRead MoreEssay on The Discovery Of The Structure Of DNA1526 Words   |  7 PagesJames Watson and Francis Crick discovered the structure of DNA, but only by drawing on the work of many scientists who came before them. (Maddox, 2003) In 1944, Oswald T. Avery, Colin M. MacLeod, and Maclyn McCarty published â€Å"Studies on the Chemical Nature of the Substance Inducing Transformation of Pneumococcal Types†, which was the first scientific work to identify DNA as the molecule that carried genetic information, and became a breakthrough at that time. (Avery, Macleod, McCarty, 1944) BeforeRead More Discovery of the Structure of DNA Essay2374 Words   |  10 PagesDiscovery of the Structure of DNA On the last day of February in 1953, according to James Watson, Francis Crick announced to the patrons of the Eagle Pub in Cambridge, â€Å"We have discovered the secret of life† (Watson 115, 1980). As Brian Hayes, the author of â€Å"The Invention of the Genetic Code† states, â€Å"If life ever had a secret, the double helix of DNA was surely it† (1). However, it was not the work of these two men alone that led to the discovery of the power the lies within the double helix

Descartes’ Dualism Free Essays

The concept of Dualism or the theory that there is a division between the mind and the body is not a novel one. It originated as early as the time of Plato and Aristotle. Rene Descartes’ concept of Dualism, otherwise known as Cartesian Dualism, is considered one of his greatest contributions in the history of philosophy. We will write a custom essay sample on Descartes’ Dualism or any similar topic only for you Order Now He was the first to argue that the mind is a non-material entity which is distinct and separate from the brain. He also identified the mind with concepts such as self-awareness and self-consciousness. It is widely regarded that the sharp division between the mind and the body is the most basic fact of our human existence. This essay will focus on Descartes’ concept of Dualism. The very foundations of his philosophy which led him to the theory of dualism will likewise be tackled. Concepts such as Cogito Ergo Sum will also be discussed since it serves as the foundation for Cartesian dualism. At the concluding part of this paper, I intend to state my position on Descartes’ Dualism Descartes’ Dualism In his work, Meditations, Descartes began his journey by clearing the mind of all the rubbish knowledge that had been handed down from generations to generations. He was aware that the ideas of his contemporaries were all shaped by biases and prejudices. He challenged himself to eliminate these prejudices so that he could arrive at the very foundations of knowledge. He also refused to accept the Aristotelian and Scholastic philosophy which had dominated the traditional philosophical thought throughout the Medieval Period. (â€Å"Rene Descartes†) He thought that if true knowledge is to be attained then we must start from the very foundation of our knowledge. He thus began his philosophy by doubting everything that he could not be certain. Descartes doubted everything around him. He doubted the existence of the physical universe and even his body. He thought that it is very much possible that he could be hallucinating about the existence of this physical world or his physical self. He even doubted his senses, to wit: â€Å"All that I have, up to this moment, accepted as possessed of the highest truth and certainty, I received either from or through the senses. I observed, however, that these sometimes misled us; and it is the part of prudence not to place absolute confidence in that by which we have even once been deceived. † He cautioned us not to trust everything that our senses tell us since they are deceiving. He even argued that there is a thin line that separates the walking state from the dreaming state – meaning, we cannot be actually certain whether as of the moment we are imagining or not. (Bryan Kidd) Descartes argued that on many occasions, he had actually thought that he was awake when in reality he was merely dreaming. It is possible, according to him that our whole life could be a dream. He also questioned the truths of logic and reason since it is possible that he could be deceived by a demon which has the power to make things appear to be logical. Despite all these skepticisms, Descartes argued that there is one thing that he could be certain of and that is he doubted. The mere fact that he was uncertain whether he is dreaming or awake manifests that he is in a state of doubt. If he doubted then this could only mean that he is thinking. Because he is thinking, then he is a thinking being. Thus â€Å"Cogito Ergo Sum† or â€Å"I think therefore I am. † This expression summarizes Descartes philosophy. Unlike his contemporaries who adopted the philosophical attitude of skepticism and began to doubt everything, Descartes believed that in reality it is not possible for us to doubt everything. But it is possible to arrive at true knowledge of certain things. Descartes proceeds to argue that he is sure that he has a mind that exists. Since he has a mind that thinks then it follows that the mind could exist separately from the body. He argues that he is sure that he has a mind but he still is not sure about the existence of his body since it is possible for him to be in a state of delusion still. It is possible for him to doubt that his body exists but it is not possible for him to doubt that his mind exists. He then concludes that he has a mind that is distinct from the body. He then proceeds to make a distinction between the mind and the body. The body is unconscious and is only an extension which takes up room in space while the mind which is conscious and does not take up room. The body is divisible and is subjected to the laws of physical science. The mind, on the other hand, is indivisible and is not subjected to the laws of physical science. We know that the body exists because we can perceive it. On the other hand, we know that the mind exists because of intuition. â€Å"The Argument for Mind/Body Dualism: Descartes†) Despite these differences, however, Descartes is assured after sufficient reflection that the body exists because God gave us sufficient senses of perception and the capacity to distinguish what is real from what is not. In Meditation VI, Descartes states that: â€Å" For there can be no doubt that God possesses the power of producing all the objects I am abl e distinctly to conceive, and I never considered anything impossible to him, unless when I experienced a contradiction in the attempt to conceive it aright. Further, the faculty of imagination which I possess, and of which I am conscious that I make use when I apply myself to the consideration of material things, is sufficient to persuade me of their existence. † The fundamental problem with dualism is how does the mind, which is non material and is not subjected to the laws of nature, interact with the body, which is material and is subjected to the laws of nature. It is a reality that the mind is able to influence and affect the body. The same is true with the body which can affect the mind. Descartes attempted this solve this problem in his letter to Elisabeth of Bohemia, Princess Palatine, he explained that there is an organ that links the mind from the body which is the pineal gland, a small gland in the center of the brain. With the help of this gland, the mind can control the body by sending signals to the body which enables it to walk, run or sit. Descartes emphasized however that the end goal of man is for reason to get control of the body. Since the body is associated with passions and feelings it is important for the mind to take control so that it will be able to behave rationally and rise above the needs of the body. Comments on Descartes’ Philosophy Descartes’ flirtation with the Mind and Body problem is a thorny issue which is full of complications. This is because scientific evidence itself is against this view. They consider that that the mind and the body are only one thing. From the scientists’ point of view, what Descartes’ called as the activities in the mind which is caused by non-material processes is actually caused by the neurological and chemical reactions in the brain. Nevertheless, I fully argue with his concept of dualism. The mind is not simply a result of the chemical reactions in the brain. Consciousness and self-awareness are concepts that are beyond the capacity of the material body to comprehend. Also, I believe in the immortality of the human soul which is the theory that the soul continues to exist even after it is separated from the body. The dualism of Descartes sufficiently explains why the soul continues to exist after the person dies and why it is not affected by the processes in the body. On Descartes’ theory that it is difficult to determine whether one is awake or sound asleep, I find the same to be very objectionable. I believe that if a person is thinking, perceiving, feeling, drawing inferences and making conclusions then one can be certain that he is awake and that he is not dreaming. According to Descartes, on several occasions, he had actually thought that he was awake when in reality he was merely dreaming. I believe that it is erroneous for one to say that one cannot tell the difference between being in a state of dream and being awake. Indeed it is not possible to state that a person is awake when he is really asleep precisely because when one is reflecting or thinking then he is not asleep. It would not be possible for a person to think when he is sleeping or dreaming. When one feels something then it is not possible for him to be dreaming. Indeed, experiencing the sensations of pain and pleasure are manifestations that one is awake and is not dreaming. How to cite Descartes’ Dualism, Papers

McJournalism in the UAE

Introduction The media has emerged as one of the most powerful forces in modern day due to the huge influence it has over the society. It is able to affect people since the reports it provides inform individuals and help them to gain new perceptions on issues going on around them.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on McJournalism in the UAE specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More A person’s opinion on various issues is coloured by the media since it provides the â€Å"backdrop against which we make sense of new conditions and information† (Gentz Kramer 2006, p.32). Journalists, who are the professionals charged with collecting information and reporting it to the public, are an integral part of the media. They act as societal â€Å"watchdogs†; always looking for newsworthy material and publicly critiquing any action that runs contrary to the ideals of the society. By doing this, they are able to accurate ly reflect the mood of the society and promote worthy causes for the betterment of the society. However, the last 2 decades have witnessed a significant shift in the manner in which journalists carry out their work. Over this period, journalism has become market driven with reports tending to be structured in such a manner as to appeal to the public often at the expense of the integrity that characterised traditional journalism. Franklin (2005) refers to this trend as McJournalism which is the emergence of a â€Å"highly standardised, packaged journalism† (p.2). In the United Arab Emirates, the government has a tight leash on the media which means that journalists cannot report as liberally as their western counterparts. This paper will set out to argue that while McJournalism in the UAE is still low, it is taking hold and might be expected to rise significantly in the near future. The paper will review the reasons behind the low level of McJournalism at present and provide a n analysis of how McJournalism is taking a hold in the UAE with relevant examples to reinforce this.Advertising Looking for essay on communications media? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Reasons for Low Levels of McJournalism As it currently stands, journalists in the UAE are discouraged from reporting on matters that may be too controversial. The media law which was promulgated by the National Media Council contains sections which impose fines on journalists who disseminated information that can be deemed to â€Å"disingenuous† on the country’s’ economy or any information that could tarnish the image of the UAE (Ibrahim Al-Abed et al. 2006). Journalists stand at the risk of being fined up to AED 500,000 for violating this clause and an even more outrageous penalty of 5 million is to be imposed on journalists who report on matters that are reproachful to a royal family member of officials of the UAE gover nment. Under such stringent conditions, journalists are unlikely to resort to the sensational reporting that characterises McJournalism. An important dimension to McDonalization is control which involves being in command of both workers and the consumers in the industry. Franklin (2005) states that control has led to the isolation of journalism making them individuals rather than team workers and they therefore have to produce news that the market will want to read or else face cuts since they have reduced bargaining power. Journalists in the UAE are not as exposed to this form of control due to government influence on media houses. The government’s media law requires media houses to make hefty security deposits which are to be used as collateral in case of any fine imposed if a journalist for the particular media house contravenes the law.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on McJournalism in the UAE specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Rugh (2004) declares that such security deposits acts as clear indications that the government has the media under its control and journalists have to operate in a restricted manner. Kadragic (2010) reveals that while articles are not censored by the government prior to publication, â€Å"everyone working from the editor-in-chief on down has a clear idea of what stories cannot be printed† (p.249). This self censorship arises from the fact that most of the English speaking journalists are expatriates who are in the UAE for economic reasons. Kadragic (2010) reveals that for this expatriates, publishing material that is critical of the government will lead to deportation which would be undesirable. The journalists therefore have to engage in self-censorship and ensure that their work is acceptable by the government. Mcjournalism has led to the media being obsessed with rating and circulation numbers which are indicators of commercial success. This trend h as been encouraged by the dimension of calculability where the ability to quantify news is emphasised on. McJournalism therefore promotes the aggressive following of stories that are likely to increase revenue for the media house. However, journalists in the UAE do not have the incentive to follow up on popular stories. For example, there was a tape which alleged torture carried out by a royal family member against an Afghan businessman. The tape which was aired by ABC News had a wide viewership on the international market.Advertising Looking for essay on communications media? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More While the story also sparked interest within the local population, there was little attempt by the UAE media houses to report on the issue since it involved a nephew of a Dubai ruler. Ginges and Pintak (2009) observe that only one daily newspaper based in Dubai, the National, ran the story and even then, the incident was fuzzy with little account of what really happened. The follow up report on the issue was even more blurred with mentions of an investigation being underway made and no indication of what was being investigated being given. The reason for this underreporting of a news story that would have appealed to the public was because of the repercussions that would have followed for any journalist who followed the story too closely (Ginges Pintak 2009). Finances play a major role in the operations of media houses. High efficiency is aimed at increasing production while reducing cost. Pure commercial considerations therefore guide the operations of most media houses in the wor ld which results in an adoption of the most effective formats of reporting and taking up sensational news that are bound to increase readership or readership. Some of UAE media is shielded from these financial considerations since they are either owned by the government or by rich individuals whose major motivation is not excessive profits from their media operations. Kadragic (2010) states that the Abu Dhabi government owns most of the important news installations in the region. Public service media workers are less inclined to engage in the kind of journalism that engenders McJournalism. They are unlikely to report on scandals that affect the government or members of the Royal Family. Evidence of McJournalism in the UAE One of the evident marks of McJournalism in the UAE is the introduction of â€Å"7 Days† which is a freely distributed newspaper that is characterised by short articles and eye-catching headlines. The paper is structured in a manner similar to the British Me tro which demonstrates the concept of standardisation based on the principles of efficiency and predictability since the British Metro newspaper has been a huge success especially in gathering advertisement revenues for its owners. The CEO of the paper, Mark Rix, confesses that the paper mimics the British Metro in that it provides entertaining material for the readers (The National, 2012). This newspaper is structured in such a manner that it attracts the readers â€Å"but not so appealing that (it) diverts readers away from the advertising content of the paper (Franklin 2005, p.5). This is significant considering the fact that 7 Days has as much advertisement as it has articles in any issue. An aspect of McJournalism is making news readily accessible to readers by offering it in â€Å"nuggets† which the consumer can easily consume. Accessibility has meant making use of big headlines with short words and making use of humour and big pictures (Aggarwal Gupta 2001). This asp ect is evident with the Gulfnews newspaper which issues news in a form that is accessible to its readers. In a report on unsafe transformers in Sharjah, the reporter puts the heading as â€Å"Shock in Sharjah over 11,000 volts† (Masudi, 2012). This clever word play is accompanied by a big picture of an exposed transformer. The story is not lengthy which means that the reader does not have to spend a lot of time to get the necessary information. McJournalism has also resulted in the â€Å"dumbing down† of news agenda due to a number of reasons. McNair (2009) reveals that quality news production is an expensive endeavour and in some instances it takes significant amounts of times to develop stories. Even then, there is no guarantee that the stories will be published or if they will be of interest to consumers. In contrast to this, human interest, consumer, and lifestyle coverage are not only cheap to come up with but they also guarantee readability. For this reason, medi a houses in the UAE like the Gulfnews are giving more space to such news as opposed to quality news. Franklin (2005) asserts that such a trend is in line with McJournalism were human interest story which translate to greater sales or views are given prevalence to other important stories which may not attract a wide readership or viewership. The second reason is increased competition in the market. Franklin (1999) states that the media agenda has been dictated by the increasingly competitive market under which journalists are obliged to operate. Editorial priorities therefore have to change with the need to entertain audiences and readers taking precedence over the need to inform them. Discussion In the current age, the ideal media, which reports news and stories that are of value to the public in an unbiased manner and without any vested interest, is non-existent. Instead, the media industry is driven by a number of factors most prominent of which are economics and politics. The UAE presents a unique environment for journalism since the media has to abide by strict government restrictions. Unlike in Western nations where statutory press regulations do not exist, the UAE has laws which not only limit what the press can report on but also forbids any defamation of the royal family and government officials. This heavy regulation has meant that media in the UAE cannot engage in McJournalism fully. However, the government is relaxing its hold on the media as a result of international pressure and criticism by the Non Governmental Organizations operating in the region. In an attempt to demonstrate its openness and dynamic nature, the government has relaxed some of its holds on the media. A decree in 2007 by Sheikh Mohammed who is a ruler in Dubai stated that no journalist could be jailed for performing their job. Ibrahim Al-Abed et al. (2006) observe that freedom from arbitrary incarceration greatly empowers journalists to take part in reports that are of interest t o the public in a list inhibited manner. It can be forecasted that in the near future, UAE readers and viewers will be subjected to a more uniform and predictable diet of news as journalism in the region becomes more McDolnadized. Conclusion This paper is set out to argue that while McJournalism in the UAE is currently low, it can be expected to rise in the near future as government regulations on media eases. The paper began by reviewing why McJournalism is not as prevalent in UAE as it is in many Western Nations. It then highlighted how this concept is taking root in UAE media and how some aspects of McJournalism are already evident in the UAE media. As government restrictions ease up and the media is allowed to report freely on topics of public interest, it can be projected that the UAE media will adopt a McJournalism culture which will be characterised by sensational reporting and issuing people with news material in a user-friendly manner with the hope of increasing viewership and readership. References Aggarwal, B Gupta, V 2001, Handbook of journalism and mass communication, Concept Publishing Company, New York. Franklin, B 1999, Social Policy, the Media and Misrepresentation, Routledge, Boston. Franklin, B 2005, â€Å"McJournalism: the local press and the McDonaldisation thesis† in S. Allan Journalism: Critical Issues, Open University Press, New York. Gentz, N Kramer, S 2006, Globalization, Cultural Identities, and Media Representations, SUNY Press, Canberra. Ginges, J Pintak, L 2009, â€Å"Inside the Arab Newsroom†, Journalism Studies, vol. 10, no. 2, pp. 157-177. Ibrahim Al-Abed, et al., 2006, Chronicle of progress in mass communication journalism, Trident Press Ltd, Abu Dhabi. Kadragic, A 2010, Commentary: Media in the UAE: The Abu Dhabi powerhouse, Asia Pacific Media Educator, vol.20, no.1, pp. 247-252. Masudi, F 2012, 11,000-volt transformers left in open, unsecured in Sharjah. Web. McNair, B 2009, News and Journalism in the UK, Ta ylor Francis, London. Rugh, W 2004, Arab mass media: newspapers, radio, and television in Arab politics. Westport, Praeger Publishers, CT. The National 2012, 7DAYS plans websites catering to markets outside the UAE, https://www.thenational.ae/business/7days-plans-websites-catering-to-markets-outside-the-uae-1.364104. This essay on McJournalism in the UAE was written and submitted by user Keira Reid to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.